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Key to PlagiobothrysView taxon page for Plagiobothrys
(For a list of species in Plagiobothrys, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1. Nutlet scar  Mark left by the natural separation of two structures, as a leaf scar on a stem. on top of ± 0.5 mm angled narrow stalk ..... P. collinus 2. Plant cespitose  Having a densely clumped, tufted, matted, or cushion-like growth form. ; stem 0.2–0.8 dm, erect  Upright; vertically oriented. ; inflorescence ± among leaves ..... var. ursinus 2' Plant not cespitose; stem 1–4 dm, ± prostrate  Lying flat on the ground. ; inflorescence exceeding leaves 3' Corolla limb 1–2 mm diam; stem hairs generally coarse, rough 4. Nutlets 1.5–2 mm; leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. , 3–5 mm wide ..... var. fulvescens 4' Nutlets 1–1.5 mm; leaf linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. , 2–2.5 mm wide ..... var. gracilis 1' Nutlet scar ± sessile  Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. , not on narrow stalk, or on short, ± basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. peg 5. Lower cauline leaves alternate  1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. , occasionally crowded, occasionally ± opposite  1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. , upper alternate; basal rosette A radiating cluster of leaves generally at or near ground level. present or 0; plant taprooted 6. Calyx generally circumscissile  Dehiscence, usually of a fruit (capsule), by a transverse line, the top coming off as a lid. , lobes  1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. generally curved over fruit; stem, abaxial leaf midveins, margins ± red, staining 7. Bracts 0–few, near base of inflorescence; corolla limb (3)4–9 mm diam; nutlet ± arched ..... P. nothofulvus 7' Bracts few–many, ± throughout inflorescence; corolla limb 2–3 mm diam; nutlet generally arched or folded 8. Nutlets generally 1–2, strongly attached; calyx ± 3 mm, circumscissile in fruit, lobes curved over fruit, dense-spreading-hairy ..... P. arizonicus 8' Nutlets generally (2)3–4, weakly attached; calyx 3–5 mm, generally not circumscissile in fruit, lobes erect to occasionally curved over fruit, ± appressed-hairy ..... P. canescens var. catalinensis (2) 6' Calyx generally not circumscissile, lobes generally erect to ± spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. ; stem, abaxial leaf midveins, margins green or ± red, staining or not 9. Nutlet scar deep-concave, pit-like 10. Bracts 0–few, near base of inflorescence; basal rosette persistent; stem, abaxial leaf midveins, green, not staining; calyx hairs brown ..... P. fulvus var. campestris 10' Bracts many, throughout inflorescence; basal rosette short-lived, withered by flowering; stem, abaxial leaf midveins, ± red, staining; calyx hairs tawny to ± white ..... P. infectivus 9' Nutlet scar convex (to shallow-concave) 11' Nutlet interspaces between cross-ribs generally narrow, groove-like, sometimes obscure 13. Nutlet ± cross-shaped 14. Inflorescence ± not coiled toward tip, not elongate in fruit; calyx 5–7 mm; nutlet 2–3 mm; flowers generally < 10 per branch ..... P. shastensis 14' Inflorescence ± strongly coiled toward tip, elongate in fruit; calyx 3–4(5) mm; nutlet 1–2 mm; flowers generally > 10 per branch ..... P. tenellus 13' Nutlet ± ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. 15' Calyx hairs not hooked at tip; nutlet 1.5–2.2 mm 16. Nutlet irregularly papillate  Pertaining to a surface (e.g., of a leaf, stigma, fruit) bearing small, rounded or conic protuberances (papillae). , tubercled, cross-ribs 0; se SnFrB (Mount Hamilton Range) ..... P. verrucosus 16' Nutlet not papillate or regularly papillate, cross-ribs prominent; c&s SN, SNH, Teh, SnBr ..... P. torreyi 17. Nutlet abaxially with ± rows of round, translucent papillae, cross-ribs rounded; nutlet strongly arched, base pointed ..... var. perplexans 17' Nutlet abaxially ± without papillae, cross-ribs flat; nutlet ± not arched, base rounded 18. Stem decumbent  lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. to ascending  Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. ; cauline leaves, bracts many, crowded, ovate to elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear ..... var. diffusus 18' Stem ± erect; cauline leaves, bracts ± few, scattered, ± oblong  Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. ..... var. torreyi 5' Lower cauline leaves opposite, upper generally alternate; basal rosette 0; plant fibrous-rooted, becoming taprooted 19' Annual; stem slender; stem, leaf hairs not simultaneously long, soft, spreading 21. Flowers generally present near stem base; calyx lobe 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. midvein thickened; stem prostrate 22. Nutlet lance-ovate, dull, attached ± weakly; scar < 20% fruit length, bordered by generally low ridge, funnel-like collar generally 0; lower leaves 3–8 cm ..... P. humistratus 22' Nutlet wide-ovate to deltate  More or less equilaterally triangular, with the corners rounded or not. , shiny, attached strongly; scar 20–35% fruit length, generally bordered by funnel-like collar; lower leaves 1–2 cm ..... P. scriptus 21' Flowers generally 0 near stem base; calyx lobe midvein occasionally thickened; stem prostrate to erect 23. Nutlet scar 25–60% fruit length, ± deep-concave 24. Nutlet abaxially with large prickles, barb-tipped or not, or rarely ± without 25' Nutlet abaxial cross-ribs 0 to obscure, net-like pattern 0 26' Nutlet ± dull; prickles many, throughout abaxially 27. Nutlet 1.5–3 mm, prickles long, slender, not conic, ± barb-tipped, ± 0 adaxially; scar triangular ..... P. greenei 27' Nutlet 1–1.5 mm, prickles short, stout, conic, blunt-tipped, present adaxially; scar narrow-triangular ..... P. hystriculus 24' Nutlet abaxially generally without large prickles, without barb-tipped projections (minute-bristled) 28' Nutlet scar ± pear-shaped or ± triangular; stem, leaves strigose  With stiff, straight, sharp, appressed hairs. 29. Nutlet scar < 25% fruit length, concave, flanked by indistinct granular  Covered with minute bumps. roughness ..... P. trachycarpus (2) 29' Nutlet scar 40–60% fruit length, pit-like, flanked by prominent, crowded wrinkles 30. Calyx lobes ± not longer in fruit; stem prostrate to decumbent; lower leaves 0.5–2.5 cm; corolla limb 1–1.5 mm diam, appendages white; nutlet ± 1 mm, cross-ribs wide, crowded, scar ± pear-shaped ..... P. distantiflorus 30' Calyx lobes longer in fruit; stem ascending to erect; lower leaves 4–8 cm; corolla limb > 2 mm diam, appendages yellow; nutlet 1.5–2 mm, cross-ribs narrow, not crowded, scar ± triangular ..... P. glyptocarpus 23' Nutlet scar < 20% fruit length, generally ± flat or ± concave (deep-concave in Plagiobothrys diffusus) 32. Nutlet scar basal, generally on short peg; calyx lobe midvein ± stout 33. Stem prostrate to decumbent; calyx lobes generally bent, ± same direction, generally upward; nutlet lanceolate ..... P. leptocladus 33' Stem ascending to erect; calyx lobes ± bent or straight, erect to ± spreading; nutlet lance-ovate 34. Calyx base fleshy, lobes oblong to spoon-shaped; pedicel  Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. thick, hollow; nutlet adaxially fine- to obscure-granular to smooth, margins with conspicuous, entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). border ..... P. glaber 34' Calyx base not fleshy, lobes linear to lanceolate; pedicel slender, generally solid; nutlet adaxially coarse-grainy, margins with obscure, not entire border ..... P. stipitatus 32' Nutlet scar near base or oblique  Having unequal sides or an asymmetric base. , not on short peg; calyx lobe midvein generally slender 36. Nutlet scar ± linear, slit- or ridge-like 37' Nutlet ± tubercled, dull, 0.8–2 mm, abaxial cross-ribs few–many; corolla limb generally <= 2 mm or > 5 mm diam 38. Corolla limb 1.5–2 mm diam; pedicel generally 0–1 mm; nutlet abaxially generally ± flat, interspaces narrower than or as wide as cross-ribs ..... P. undulatus 38' Corolla limb 5–10 mm diam; pedicel generally 2–15(30) mm; nutlet abaxially convex, interspaces wider than cross-ribs ..... P. chorisianus 39. Leaves of lower pair generally fused at base, ± sheathing stem; stem erect to decumbent, branched from upper axils; corolla limb 6–10 mm diam; pedicels Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. generally > calyx ..... var. chorisianus 39' Leaves of lower pair generally ± not fused at base, not or ± sheathing stem; stem prostrate, branched from lower axils; corolla limb 5–7 mm diam; pedicels generally < calyx ..... var. hickmanii 36' Nutlet scar oblong to triangular or elliptic to ovate, not slit- or ridge-like 41. Bracts few, near inflorescence base; pedicels 1–3+ mm, slender; calyx ± deciduous; nutlet cross-ribs prominent, scar near base, ± oblong to occasionally narrow-triangular, generally sunken in groove ..... P. parishii 41' Bracts ± many, throughout inflorescence; pedicels 0–1 mm, stout; calyx persistent; nutlet cross-ribs low, scar generally oblique, ± ovate, not sunken in groove ..... P. salsus 40' Stem hairs appressed  Parallel or nearly parallel to and often in contact with surface of origin; used to describe the disposition of hairs, leaves, pedicels, etc. 42. Nutlet scar generally oblique at base 44. Nutlet ± ovate; adaxial ridge in wide, well-defined groove; trough around scar generally wide, distinct; abaxial cross-ribs generally irregularly net-like, interspace tubercles generally sparse or small ..... var. reticulatus 44' Nutlet ± oblong-ovate; adaxial ridge in narrow, poorly defined groove; trough around scar generally narrow, ± obscure; abaxial cross-ribs ± few, prominent, scattered, irregular, interspace tubercles generally dense or large ..... var. rossianorum 43' Nutlet adaxial ridge not sunken 45' Bracts many, ± throughout inflorescence (except bracts below inflorescence middle in Plagiobothrys bracteatus); calyx base not ridged in fruit; corolla limb 1–3 mm diam 46' Nutlet ± oblong-ovate, asymmetric  Not divisible into identical or mirror-image halves. ..... P. cognatus 42' Nutlet scar generally above base 47. Nutlet scar narrow-elliptic to obovate; corolla limb 1–2 mm diam 48. Nutlet plump, ± symmetric, sharp-roughened, often also minute-bristled or scabrous, dull; adaxial ridge at ± middle, generally not folded over to 1 side ..... P. hispidulus 48' Nutlet ± flat, asymmetric, smooth to rounded-roughened, rarely bristled or scabrous, shiny; adaxial ridge beyond middle, ± folded over to 1 side below 49' Nutlet not wrinkled, not tubercled; SNE (Deep Springs Lake, ne Inyo Co.) ..... P. nitens 47' Nutlet scar ± ovate to triangular; corolla limb 1.5–9 mm diam 50. Bracts many, ± throughout inflorescence; calyx base not ridged in fruit; corolla limb 1.5–5 mm diam 50' Bracts 0–few, near base of inflorescence; calyx base ± 4-ridged in fruit; corolla limb 3–9 mm diam ..... P. tener 52. Plant fleshy; stem, leaf ± glabrous, glaucous; calyx appressed to stem, lobes erect in fruit; generally on serpentine; NCoRI (Lake, n Napa cos.) ..... var. subglaber 52' Plant not fleshy; stem, leaf sparse-hairy, not glaucous; calyx ± spreading from stem, lobes ascending to ± spreading in fruit; generally not serpentine; NCoR, CaR, w MP ..... var. tener (2)
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