Jepson eFlora Family Key to Group 20

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Group 20: Leaves compound or nearly so; perianth in 2 or more whorls or spirals; petals 4 or more (rarely fewer), free; pistil 1

1. Leaves 2 or more × compound or divided

2. Ovary inferior

3. Fruit dry, splitting into 2 mericarps; inflorescence generally a compound 

umbel 

1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, an inflorescence in which three to many pedicels and, if compound, branches (rays) radiate from a common point; characteristic of but not confined to Apiaceae. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, an umbel-like inflorescence is one in which three to many stalked inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, radiate from a common point of attachment without an evident axis or branches.

(occasionally 

simple 

Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched.

umbel, head) ..... APIACEAE (2) {G2,6,8,14,21}

3' Fruit a berry; inflorescence a 

simple 

Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched.

or branched cluster of umbels ..... ARALIACEAE (2)

2' Ovary superior

4. Shrub or tree

5. Main axis of 

leaf 

Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets).

bearing many small leaflets or 

lobes 

1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth.

in addition to main leaflets ..... ROSACEAE (Chamaebatia)

5' Main axis of 

leaf 

Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets).

without small leaflets or 

lobes 

1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth.

in addition to main leaflets

6. Leaflets 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

; flowers cream to yellow, orange, red, or pink ..... FABACEAE (2) {G12,18,19,22,23,24}

6' Leaflets 

serrate 

Having margins with sharp, fine to coarse teeth generally pointing tipward, not outward; margins with such teeth on such primary teeth are doubly serrate.

; flowers white to dark purple ..... MELIACEAE

4' Herb or subshrub

7. Ovary very deeply 4–6-lobed; style arising from a deep indentation in middle of ovary

8. Flowers white or pink; herbage not scented ..... LIMNANTHACEAE (Limnanthes) (3) {G10}

8' Flowers yellow; herbage strongly scented ..... RUTACEAE (Ruta)

7' Ovary unlobed or only shallowly lobed; style or 

sessile 

Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk.

stigma(s) terminal or from shallow depression at tip of ovary

9. Stamens 12–50

10. Inflorescence a 

raceme 

In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

..... RANUNCULACEAE (Actaea, Consolida)

10' Inflorescence a 

cyme 

1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the central or uppermost flower opens before the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis. see 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a cyme-like inflorescence is one in which the central or uppermost inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, develop and mature before the peripheral or lowermost inflorescence units on any axis.

or flowers solitary

11. Petals 5; sepals present in open flower ..... NITRARIACEAE {G22}

11' Petals 4 or 6 (very rarely 5); sepals deciduous as flower opens, 0 in open flower ..... PAPAVERACEAE (Papaveroideae) (2) {G12,15,22,24}

9' Stamens 2–10

12. Petals 5

13. Flowers solitary on 

peduncles 

Stalk of an individual flower borne singly, not in an inflorescence, or of an entire inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit; the stalk subtending an involucre (e.g., in Asteraceae, Polygonaceae).

>= 2 cm ..... VIOLACEAE (2) {G5,15,24}

13' Flowers several to many in umbels or racemes

14. Petals yellow to orange or ± red; leaflets 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

; inflorescence a 

raceme 

In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

..... FABACEAE (Hoffmannseggia)

14' Petals pink to purple; leaflets toothed; inflorescence an 

umbel 

1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, an inflorescence in which three to many pedicels and, if compound, branches (rays) radiate from a common point; characteristic of but not confined to Apiaceae. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, an umbel-like inflorescence is one in which three to many stalked inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, radiate from a common point of attachment without an evident axis or branches.

..... GERANIACEAE (Erodium) (2)

12' Petals 4 or 6

15. Petals 6; leaves all 

basal 

At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary.

..... BERBERIDACEAE (Vancouveria) {G16}

15' Petals 4; leaves 

basal 

At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary.

and cauline

16. Petals all equal; flowers 

radial 

Divisible into mirror-image halves in three or more ways.

; inflorescence a bractless 

raceme 

In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

..... BRASSICACEAE (3) {G2,15,24}

16' Petals unequal; flowers 

bilateral 

Divisible into mirror-image halves in only one way.

or 

biradial 

Divisible into mirror-image halves in two ways; isobilateral.

; inflorescence a bracted 

raceme 

In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

or panicle-like cluster ..... PAPAVERACEAE (Fumarioideae)

1' Leaves once compound or divided

17. Petal 1 ..... FABACEAE (Amorpha)

17' Petals 4–6

18. Ovary > 1/2 inferior

19. Shrub or tree; stamens generally 20; fruit a pome ..... ROSACEAE (Sorbus)

19' Herb; stamens 5–10; fruit a capsule, splitting into mericarps, or a berry

20. Inflorescence a 

raceme 

In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

or 

spike 

1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a spike-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are sessile and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

(sometimes branched)

21. Plant a freshwater aquatic; leaves all cauline, submersed leaves 

whorled 

Arranged in groups of three or more at nodes or positions along an axis (e.g., three leaves per node).

, pinnately dissected into thread-like segments ..... HALORAGACEAE {G2,6,8,14}

21' Plant terrestrial; leaves 

basal 

At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary.

and cauline, 

alternate 

1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'.

, ± palmately compound ..... SAXIFRAGACEAE (Lithophragma parviflorum)

20' Inflorescence a 

simple 

Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched.

or compound 

umbel 

1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, an inflorescence in which three to many pedicels and, if compound, branches (rays) radiate from a common point; characteristic of but not confined to Apiaceae. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, an umbel-like inflorescence is one in which three to many stalked inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, radiate from a common point of attachment without an evident axis or branches.

, a cluster of simple umbels, or 1–several heads

22. Styles 2; fruit splitting into 2 mericarps; inflorescence generally a compound 

umbel 

1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, an inflorescence in which three to many pedicels and, if compound, branches (rays) radiate from a common point; characteristic of but not confined to Apiaceae. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, an umbel-like inflorescence is one in which three to many stalked inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, radiate from a common point of attachment without an evident axis or branches.

(simple umbel, 1 or more heads) ..... APIACEAE (2) {G2,6,8,14,21}

22' Styles 5; fruit a berry; inflorescence of 2–many umbels in 

simple 

Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched.

or branched cluster ..... ARALIACEAE (2)

18' Ovary superior

23. Sepals deciduous as flower opens, 0 in open flower ..... PAPAVERACEAE (Papaveroideae) (2) {G12,15,22,24}

23' Sepals present in open flower

24. Stamens many, filaments fused in tube around style; styles 5+ ..... MALVACEAE {G8,19,22}

24' Stamens generally 4–15, or if many, free; styles generally 1–3

25. Flowers strongly 

bilateral 

Divisible into mirror-image halves in only one way.

, 1 petal markedly different from others

26. Odd petal uppermost in flower; stamens 10(5), generally all filaments or 9 of them fused, forming a tube around ovary (filaments free); carpel 1; fruit a legume or 

indehiscent 

Not opening inherently to release contents; usually pertaining to fruits.

pod ..... FABACEAE (Papilionoideae)

26' Odd petal lowermost in flower; stamens 5, free but tightly 

appressed 

Parallel or nearly parallel to and often in contact with surface of origin; used to describe the disposition of hairs, leaves, pedicels, etc.

against ovary; carpels 3; fruit a capsule ..... VIOLACEAE (2) {G5,15,24}

25' Flowers ± 

radial 

Divisible into mirror-image halves in three or more ways.

or if 

bilateral 

Divisible into mirror-image halves in only one way.

, petals 4 in dissimilar pairs

27. Leaflets or 

leaf 

Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets).

 segments 2 or 3

28. Herb or subshrub

29. Petals 4; stamens 6

30. Ovary 

sessile 

Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk.

on receptacle; flowers of 

raceme 

In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

not subtended by bracts ..... BRASSICACEAE (3) {G2,15,24}

30' Ovary separated from receptacle by a stalk; flowers of 

raceme 

In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

generally subtended by bracts or flowers solitary, 

axillary 

Pertaining to or within an axil, especially a leaf axil.

..... CLEOMACEAE

29' Petals 5; stamens 5 or 10

31. Leaflet margins toothed or lobed ..... SAXIFRAGACEAE {G10,21,24}

31' Leaflet margins 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

(sometimes apically notched)

32. Leaves 

alternate 

1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'.

or all 

basal 

At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary.

; stamens ± fused, at least at base; ovules or seeds many ..... OXALIDACEAE {G19}

32' Leaves 

opposite 

1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from.

; stamens free; ovules or seeds 1 per chamber ..... ZYGOPHYLLACEAE (2)

28' Tree or well-developed shrub

33. Leaves 

opposite 

1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from.

34. Leaflets 2, fused at base [leaves deeply 2-lobed], 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

, resinous ..... ZYGOPHYLLACEAE (Larrea)

34' Leaflets 3, occasionally ± fused, toothed, not resinous

35. Leaflets coarsely 

serrate 

Having margins with sharp, fine to coarse teeth generally pointing tipward, not outward; margins with such teeth on such primary teeth are doubly serrate.

or 

crenate 

Pertaining to margins with shallow, rounded teeth, between which are usually acute sinuses (i.e., scalloped)

; stigmas 2, ± 

sessile 

Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk.

; ovary 2-winged; fruit generally splitting at maturity into winged mericarps ..... SAPINDACEAE (Acer glabrum) {G9}

35' Leaflets finely 

serrate 

Having margins with sharp, fine to coarse teeth generally pointing tipward, not outward; margins with such teeth on such primary teeth are doubly serrate.

; stigmas and styles 3; ovary wingless; fruit a bladdery, 3-chambered capsule ..... STAPHYLEACEAE

33' Leaves 

alternate 

1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'.

36. Leaflets gland-dotted; fruit a round, winged 

achene 

Dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit from a 1-chambered ovary, sometimes winged, often appearing to be a naked seed. A 1-seeded dry fruit derived from an inferior ovary of > 1 carpel (e.g., Asteraceae, Dipsacaceae) is sometimes called a cypsela.

..... RUTACEAE (Ptelea) {G9}

36' Leaflets not gland-dotted; fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe

37. Petals 4; ovary separated from receptacle by a stalk ..... CLEOMACEAE (Peritoma arborea)

37' Petals 5–6; ovary 

sessile 

Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk.

on receptacle

38. Petals 5; leaflets 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

to lobed, but not spiny-toothed ..... ANACARDIACEAE (2) {G7,9,23}

38' Petals 6; leaflets spiny-toothed ..... BERBERIDACEAE (Berberis) (2) {G16}

27' Leaflets or 

leaf 

Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets).

 segments 4 or more

39. Leaves palmately compound or divided

40. Plant woody

41. Leaves 

opposite 

1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from.

; 

erect 

Upright; vertically oriented.

 shrub or tree ..... SAPINDACEAE (Aesculus)

41' Leaves 

alternate 

1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'.

; woody vine with tendrils ..... VITACEAE (Parthenocissus)

40' Plant herbaceous

42. Leaflets 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

; inflorescence a 

raceme 

In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

; ovary separated from receptacle by a stalk ..... CLEOMACEAE (Peritoma)

42' Leaflets or 

leaf 

Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets).

 segments toothed; inflorescence (1)2-flowered; ovary 

sessile 

Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk.

on receptacle ..... GERANIACEAE (Geranium) {G24}

39' Leaves pinnately compound or divided

43. Petals 4

44. Ovary 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

or ± 2-lobed; inflorescence a generally bractless 

raceme 

In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

..... BRASSICACEAE (3) {G2,15,24}

44' Ovary very deeply 4-lobed; flowers solitary and 

axillary 

Pertaining to or within an axil, especially a leaf axil.

or inflorescence a leafy-bracted 

raceme 

In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

..... LIMNANTHACEAE (Limnanthes) (3) {G10}

43' Petals 5 or more

45. Shrub or tree (occasionally low-creeping)

46. Petals 6; leaflets spiny-toothed; stems and leaves non-scented ..... BERBERIDACEAE (Berberis) (2) {G16}

46' Petals 5(6); leaflets 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

or toothed but not spiny; stems and leaves often strongly scented

47. Ovary divided into 2–5 flattened 

lobes 

1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth.

; fruit a cluster of elongated, winged achenes; leaflets with gland-tipped teeth near base ..... SIMAROUBACEAE (Ailanthus) {G7,9,10}

47' Ovary 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

; fruit a drupe or legume; leaflets without gland-tipped teeth

48. Flowers solitary or few; leaflets 2–10 mm, ± 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

— small tree of DSon ..... BURSERACEAE {G7,9}

48' Flowers in racemes or 

panicles 

1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the basal or lateral flowers (or some of them) open before the terminal or central flowers on any axis. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a panicle-like inflorescence is one in which at least some of the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are attached (stalked or unstalked) to branches and not directly to the main axis of the inflorescence and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

, often many; leaflets mostly > 7 mm, often much longer, toothed or 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

49. Corolla << 1 cm diam, white to ± green or pale yellow; fruit a drupe; leaflets often toothed ..... ANACARDIACEAE (2) {G7,9,23}

49' Corolla > 1 cm diam, bright yellow; fruit a legume; leaflets 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

..... FABACEAE (Senna) (2)

45' Herb or subshrub

50. Leaves ± 

cylindric 

Elongate, with parallel sides and, at any point, round in transverse section.

[leaflets and 

lobes 

1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth.

generally closely overlapping around axis], generally 

basal 

At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary.

; fruit an 

achene 

Dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit from a 1-chambered ovary, sometimes winged, often appearing to be a naked seed. A 1-seeded dry fruit derived from an inferior ovary of > 1 carpel (e.g., Asteraceae, Dipsacaceae) is sometimes called a cypsela.

; 

hypanthium 

Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary).

present ..... ROSACEAE (Ivesia)

50' Leaves ± flat, 

basal 

At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary.

and/or cauline; fruit nutlets, mericarps, a capsule, or a legume; 

hypanthium 

Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary).

0

51. Anther-bearing stamens as many as petals — fruit with long beak, splitting into 5 mericarps ..... GERANIACEAE (Erodium) (2)

51' Anther-bearing stamens 2 × as many as petals (occasionally some anthers much smaller than others)

52. Flowers in racemes or 

panicles 

1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the basal or lateral flowers (or some of them) open before the terminal or central flowers on any axis. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a panicle-like inflorescence is one in which at least some of the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are attached (stalked or unstalked) to branches and not directly to the main axis of the inflorescence and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

; ovary chamber 1; fruit 

dehiscent 

Opening at maturity to release contents; usually pertaining to anthers or fruits.

53. Terminal 

leaflet 

A leaf-like unit of a compound leaf; distinguished from a leaf by the absence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; lacking lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (leaf 1-compound, with primary leaflets) or compound (leaf 2-compound, with primary and secondary leaflets; 3-compound, with primary, secondary, and tertiary leaflets, etc).

0; fruit a legume ..... FABACEAE (Senna) (2)

53' Terminal 

leaflet 

A leaf-like unit of a compound leaf; distinguished from a leaf by the absence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; lacking lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (leaf 1-compound, with primary leaflets) or compound (leaf 2-compound, with primary and secondary leaflets; 3-compound, with primary, secondary, and tertiary leaflets, etc).

present; fruit a capsule ..... RESEDACEAE

52' Flowers solitary, in pairs, or in a leafy-bracted 

raceme 

In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.

; ovary chambers generally 5; fruit splitting into mericarps

54. Stipules 0; ovary very deeply 5-lobed; style base surrounded by ovary 

lobes 

1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth.

..... LIMNANTHACEAE (Limnanthes) (3) {G10}

54' Stipules present; ovary 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

or shallowly lobed at time of pollination; style at tip of ovary ..... ZYGOPHYLLACEAE (2)