Jepson eFlora Family Key to Group 11

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) . Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ [accessed on ]

Group 11: Shrubs or trees; perianth in one whorl or absent; flowers unisexual; staminate flowers in catkins or catkin-like spikes; pistillate flowers with 1 pistil

1. Plant parasitic on stem of woody host plant ..... VISCACEAE {G6,7,8,9,12,14}

1' Plant free-living, rooted in ground

2. Leaves fleshy, scale-like or
linear
Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong.
to oblanceolate;
catkins
Spike or spike-like (e.g., Alnus) inflorescence of unisexual flowers with inconspicuous perianths (generally wind-pollinated), usually pendent and often with conspicuous bracts.

erect
Upright; vertically oriented.

3. Leaves scale-like; distal stems ± fleshy, jointed ..... CHENOPODIACEAE (2) {G6,7,8,9,15}

3' Leaves
linear
Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong.
to oblanceolate, ±
cylindric
Elongate, with parallel sides and, at any point, round in transverse section.
; distal stems not jointed ..... SARCOBATACEAE {G7,9}

2' Leaves non-fleshy, ± thin to leathery, with well-developed flat blades, generally wider;
catkins
Spike or spike-like (e.g., Alnus) inflorescence of unisexual flowers with inconspicuous perianths (generally wind-pollinated), usually pendent and often with conspicuous bracts.

erect
Upright; vertically oriented.
to drooping

4. Leaves
opposite
1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from.
..... GARRYACEAE {G7,9}

4' Leaves
alternate
1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'.

5. Leaf compound

6. Plants dioecious, evergreen; staminate catkin-like inflorescence branched — inflorescence resembles
catkin
Spike or spike-like (e.g., Alnus) inflorescence of unisexual flowers with inconspicuous perianths (generally wind-pollinated), usually pendent and often with conspicuous bracts.
when young, but is actually a branched
panicle
1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the basal or lateral flowers (or some of them) open before the terminal or central flowers on any axis. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a panicle-like inflorescence is one in which at least some of the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are attached (stalked or unstalked) to branches and not directly to the main axis of the inflorescence and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1.
..... ANACARDIACEAE (Pistacia) {G7,12}

6' Plants monoecious, deciduous; staminate
catkin
Spike or spike-like (e.g., Alnus) inflorescence of unisexual flowers with inconspicuous perianths (generally wind-pollinated), usually pendent and often with conspicuous bracts.
unbranched ..... JUGLANDACEAE {G7,9}

5' Leaf
simple
Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched.

7. Fruit capsule; seeds 3–many

8. Ovary 3-lobed; seeds 3, without a tuft of hairs; stems brittle ..... EUPHORBIACEAE (Acalypha) {G7,9}

8' Ovary unlobed; seeds several–many, each with a tuft of hairs; stems not brittle ..... SALICACEAE {G7,9}

7' Fruit dry or fleshy,
indehiscent
Not opening inherently to release contents; usually pertaining to fruits.
; seed generally 1

9. Shrubs of ± saline desert habitats; leaves densely stellate-hairy or scaly-puberulent and ± glabrous in age ..... CHENOPODIACEAE (2) {G6,7,8,9,15}

9' Shrubs or trees, generally of moister habitats; leaves glabrous or variously hairy

10. Milky latex present; sepals of pistillate inflorescence enlarged and fleshy in fruit, ripening together with the ovaries as a spheric to ellipsoid or ovoid multiple fruit ..... MORACEAE {G7,12}

10' Milky latex 0; sepals 0 or if present, not becoming fleshy; ovaries ripening as individual drupes, nuts, or winged achenes

11. Leaf
blade
Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped.
dotted with minute, bead-like,
peltate
With the stalk attached toward the middle, not at a margin, of a flat structure such as an indusium, scale, or leaf.
resin glands, aromatic; stipules 0; staminate
catkins
Spike or spike-like (e.g., Alnus) inflorescence of unisexual flowers with inconspicuous perianths (generally wind-pollinated), usually pendent and often with conspicuous bracts.
short, densely flowered; sepals 0; fruit a
papillate
Pertaining to a surface (e.g., of a leaf, stigma, fruit) bearing small, rounded or conic protuberances (papillae).
, wax-coated drupe, free of subtending bracts or an
achene
Dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit from a 1-chambered ovary, sometimes winged, often appearing to be a naked seed. A 1-seeded dry fruit derived from an inferior ovary of > 1 carpel (e.g., Asteraceae, Dipsacaceae) is sometimes called a cypsela.
enclosed between a pair of spongy bractlets ..... MYRICACEAE {G7,9}

11' Leaf
blade
Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped.
not dotted with minute, bead-like resin glands (except in some Betulaceae), generally not aromatic; stipules formed but generally early-deciduous; staminate
catkins
Spike or spike-like (e.g., Alnus) inflorescence of unisexual flowers with inconspicuous perianths (generally wind-pollinated), usually pendent and often with conspicuous bracts.
elongated, either ± flexible and drooping or stiff and spike-like; sepals present in staminate catkins (except Corylus in Betulaceae); fruit a nut or winged
achene
Dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit from a 1-chambered ovary, sometimes winged, often appearing to be a naked seed. A 1-seeded dry fruit derived from an inferior ovary of > 1 carpel (e.g., Asteraceae, Dipsacaceae) is sometimes called a cypsela.

12. Fruits many, small, flattened, winged achenes, clustered in a cone-like fruit
catkin
Spike or spike-like (e.g., Alnus) inflorescence of unisexual flowers with inconspicuous perianths (generally wind-pollinated), usually pendent and often with conspicuous bracts.
; plant deciduous; pistillate flower calyx 0 ..... BETULACEAE {G7,9}

12' Fruits 1–3, each a well-developed nut, subtended or surrounded by a husk-, cup-, or spiny, bur-like
involucre
Group of bracts more or less held together as a unit, subtending a flower, fruit (acorn cup), or inflorescence.
; plant deciduous or evergreen; pistillate flower calyx fused to ovary, sepal tips surrounding style base

13. Fruit a nut enclosed in a tubular, husk-like
involucre
Group of bracts more or less held together as a unit, subtending a flower, fruit (acorn cup), or inflorescence.
; involucral bractlets 2, papery; staminate
catkins
Spike or spike-like (e.g., Alnus) inflorescence of unisexual flowers with inconspicuous perianths (generally wind-pollinated), usually pendent and often with conspicuous bracts.
drooping, densely flowered, bractlets ± concealing flowers, sepals 0; deciduous shrub ..... BETULACEAE (Corylus)

13' Fruit a nut in a scaly cup-like
involucre
Group of bracts more or less held together as a unit, subtending a flower, fruit (acorn cup), or inflorescence.
or 1–3 nuts enclosed in a spiny, bur-like involucre; involucral bractlets many, scaly or spiny; staminate
catkins
Spike or spike-like (e.g., Alnus) inflorescence of unisexual flowers with inconspicuous perianths (generally wind-pollinated), usually pendent and often with conspicuous bracts.
very slender and drooping or stiff and spike-like, bractlets inconspicuous, sepals present; deciduous or evergreen tree or shrub ..... FAGACEAE {G7,9}