Fucus gardneri Silva

Illustrations:

Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 260, figs. 208, 209 (habit, as F. distichus ssp. edentatus and Fucus distichus ssp. edentatus f. abbreviatus, respectively); Gardner 1922, pl. 2–17 (photos: various forms, as F. furcatus); Gardner 1940, pl. 33 (photo: habit, as F. parksii); Scagel 1967, p. 159, fig. 65 (habit); Setchell and Gardner 1925, pls. 98–101 (photos: various forms, as F. furcatus)

Pacific Coast Distribution:

Yakutat Bay, Alaska (Gardner 1922, p. 20, as F. furcatus f. cornutus) to Government Point, Santa Barbara Co., Calif, (Dawson 1958, p. 66)

Taxonomy:

Rice and Chapman 1985 (as F. distichus)

Molecular Taxonomy:

Y.K. Lee et al. 1999 (as F. furcatus); Tan and Druehl 1996; Tan and Druehl 1994; Tan and Druehl 1993

Life History:

diplontic

Biology/Ecology:

Sloan and Bartier 2000, p. 14; Cabello-Pasini and Alberte 1997; Hurd and Stevens 1997; Sousa and Connell 1992, p. 434; Farrell 1991; Lüning 1990; Murray and Horn 1989, p. 462; Lüning and Freshwater 1988, p. 312; Van Alstyne 1988 (as F. distichus); Leigh et al. 1987, p. 1315; D'Antonio 1986b, p. 267 (as F. distichus); Turner 1985, p. 88 (as F. distichus); Turner and Lucas 1985, p. 183 (as F. distichus); Steinberg 1985 (as F. distichus); Smith and Foreman 1984 (as F. distichus); Sousa 1984, p. 1920; Thom 1984a, p. 55 (as F. distichus ssp. edentatus); Thom 1984b, p. 102 (as F. evanescens); Horn et al. 1983, p. 84 (as F. distichus); Levings et al. 1983, p. 1127 (as F. distichus); Thom 1983 (as F. distichus ssp. edentatus); Turner 1983a, p. 63 (as F. distichus); Turner 1983b (as F. distichus); Dethier 1982, p. 62 (as F. distichus); Druehl and Green 1982, p. 167 (as F. distichus); Littler and Arnold 1982, p. 309 (as F. distichus ssp. edentatus); Littler 1981, p. 401 (as F. distichus); Menge and Lubchenco 1981, p. 443 (as F. distichus); Schonbeck and Norton 1981 (as F. distichus); Pomeroy and Levings 1980, p. 3 (as F. distichus ssp. edentatus); Littler 1980a, p. 163 (as F. distichus); Thom 1980a, p. 9; Prange 1978, p. 175 (as F. distichus ssp. edentatus); Seapy and Littler 1978, p. 298 (as F. distichus ssp. edentatus); Andrews 1977, p. 1020 (as F. distichus); Pomeroy 1977, p. 42 (as F. distichus ssp. edentatus); Prange 1976, p. 94 (as F. distichus ssp. edentatus); Nassichuk 1975, p. 7 (as F. distichus); Turner 1973, p. 195 (as F. distichus); Dayton 1971, p. 357 (as F. distichus); Paine and Vadas 1969b, p. 80 (as F. distichus); Druehl 1967a, p. 42 (as F. distichus); R. Lee 1965b, p. 111 (as F. evanescens); Neushul 1965, p. 168 (as F. distichus); R. Lee 1965a, p. 14 (as F. evanescens); Widdowson 1965b, p. 1428 (also as F. evanescens and F. distichus); Scagel 1961, p. 528 (also as F. evanescens); Stephenson and Stephenson 1961a, p. 12, (as F. distichus); Stephenson and Stephenson 1961b, p. 234 (also as F. distichus); Outram 1957, p. 2 (as F. evanescens); Rigg and Miller 1949; Doty 1946, p. 323 (as F. furcatus).

Epiphytes:

Antithamnion spirographidis, Elachista fucicola, Pilayella littoralis, Porphyra fucicola, Porphyra maculosa, Porphyra perforata, Porphyra smithii , Spongonema tomentosum, Ulothrix flacca

Morphology:

Pollock 1970 (as F. distichus); Pollock 1969 (as F. distichus)

Ultrastructure:

Bisalputra 1966 (as F. distichus)

Physiology:

Hurd et al. 1995; Foster et al. 1988, p. 7; Thomas and Harrison 1988; Kloareg and Quatrano 1987 (as F. distichus); Thomas et al 1987 (as F. distichus); Rueter and Robinson 1986 (as F. distichus); Thomas et al. 1985 (as F. distichus); Bruce et al. 1983 (as F. vesiculosis); Popovic et al. 1983 (as F. vesiculosis); Duncan and Harrison 1982, p. 446 (as F. distichus ssp. edentatus); Thomas and Turpin 1980 (as F. distichus); Thomas and Turpin 1980 (as F. distichus); Brawley and Quatrano 1979 (as F. distichus); Quadir et al. 1979 (as F. distichus); Quatrano 1978, p. 490 (as F. distichus); Hogsett and Quatrano 1975 (as F. distichus); Crayton et al. 1974, p. 165 (as F. distichus); Johnson et al. 1974; Quatrano 1973, p. 210 (as F. distichus); Quatrano and Crayton 1973, p. 30 (as F. distichus); Quatrano 1972, p. 2; Brown and Tregunna 1967, p. 1137.

Chemistry:

Khotimchenko et al. 2002 (as F. distichus); Van Alstyne et al. 1999; Ragan and Glombitza 1986, p. 190 (as F. distichus);

Economic Applications:

Mumford 1980, p. 16 (as F. distichus)