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DECEW'S GUIDE

Petalonia fascia ( M & uuml; ller ) Kuntze
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unilocular organs after Wynne 1969 a, plurilocular sorus after Setchell and Gardner 1925 Synonyms: Gametophyte: Ilea fascia ( M & uuml; ller ) Fries, Phyllitis fascia ( M & uuml; ller ) K & uuml; tzing, Petalonia debilis ( C. Agardh ) Derb & egrave; s et Solier; sporophyte: Ralfsia californica Setchell et Gardner, Stragularia clavata ( Harvey ) Hamel Illustrations: Gametophyte: Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 201, fig. 163 ( habit ); Kogame 1997, p. 390, fig. 1 ( photo: habit ), p. 391, figs. 2 & ndash; 6 ( photos: gametes and fusion ); Scagel 1967, p. 111, fig. 41 a ( x-section, vegetative blade, fig. 41 b ( habit ); Setchell and Gardner 1925, pl. 44, figs. 68 & ndash; 71, 73 ( x-section, blades with plurilocular organs ); Wynne 1969 a, p. 20, figs. 6 a & ndash; e ( germlings ), fig. 6 f ( x-section, sterile blade ), fig. 6 g ( x-section, blade with plurilocular organs ), pls. 6, 7 ( photos: cultures derived from field blades ), pls. 8 & ndash; 11 ( photos: cultures derived from field crusts ), pl. 12 ( photos: habit ); Wynne 1972 a, p. 135, fig. 23, p. 138, fig. 24, p. 140, figs. 26, 27 ( development in culture ). Sporophyte: Kogame 1997, p. 391, fig. 7 ( photo: zygote ), figs. 8 & ndash; 10 ( photos: development of discoid sporophyte from zygote ), p. 394, fig. 17 ( photo: habit, field crust ), fig. 18 ( photo: squashed field crust ); Setchell and Gardner 1925, pl. 36, fig. 22 ( vertical section, field-collected crust with unilocular sporangia ); Wynne 1969 a, p. 22, fig. 7 ( germlings ), p. 23, fig. 8 a ( radial section, margin of cultured crust ), fig. 8 b ( vertical section, cultured crust with unilocular sporangia ), pl. 13, figs. a & ndash; c ( photos: vertical sections, field crust with unilocular sporangia ), fig. d ( photo: vertical section, cultured crust with unilocular sporangia ); Wynne 1972 a, p. 138, fig. 25, p. 140, fig. 27 ( development in culture ) Pacific Coast Distribution: Gametophyte: Alaska ( Amchitka I ., Aleutian Is.: Lebednik and Palmisano 1977, p. 360; to Annette I ., near Ketchikan: Saunders 1901, p. 421 ); Langara I ., Queen Charlotte Is ., British Columbia ( Hawkes et al. 1979, p. 94 ) to Monterey Peninsula, Calif. ( Smith 1944, p. 126 ); Monterey Co ., Calif. ( Pt. Sur: Silva 1133 in UC; Lucia: Silva 2854 in UC ); San Luis Obispo Co ., Calif. ( Cayucos to Shell Beach: Sparling 1977, p. 39 ); Santa Barbara Co ., Calif. ( Government Pt. and Goleta: Murray and Littler 1989, p. 67 ); Los Angeles Co ., Calif. ( Malibu and White ' s Pt.: Murray and Littler 1989, p. 67 ); San Diego, Calif. ( Dawson 1945 c, p. 30; Stewart 1991, p. 46 ); Baja Calif. ( Punta Descanso: Dawson 1953 b, p. 117; Bah & iacute; a Todos Santos: L. Aguilar Rosas 1982, p. 30; Punta Banda: Devinny 1978, p. 358; Cabo Colnett: Dawson 1945 f, p. 60; Isla Magdalena: Dawson 1960 a, p. 36 ). Channel Is ., Calif. ( San Miguel I ., Anacapa I ., Santa Barbara I ., Santa Catalina I ., Murray and Littler 1989, p. 67; Santa Cruz I.: Apt et al. 1988, p. 20; San Clemente I.: Murray 1974, p. 41 ); Sporophyte: Torch Bay, southeast Alaska ( Dethier 1981, p. 334; Washington ( San Juan I.: Dethier 1981, p. 333; Crescent Beach, Clallam Co.: Wynne 1969 a, p. 21 ); Fort Ross, Sonoma Co ., Calif. ( Kjeldsen 1989, p. [ 32 ] ); Marin Co ., Calif. ( Duxbury Reef: Kjeldsen 1995, p. 29 ); San Mateo Co ., Calif. ( Moss Beach and Pillar Point: Wynne 1969 a, p. 21 ) Life History: facultative alternation of heteromorphic phases, with dioecious erect blades producing isogametes in plurilocular organs and the zygote developing into a crustose sporophyte bearing unilocular sporangia; zooids from unilocular sporangia developing into blades; crusts rarely producing blades directly; unfused gametes developing parthenogenetically into crusts ( Kogame 1997; Shannon et al. 1988 b; Wynne 1972 a, p. 139; Wynne 1972 b, p. 133; Hsiao 1969; Wynne 1969 a, p. 17 ) Phylogeny: G. Cho et al. 2001 Chromosomes: Cole 1967 b, p. 522 Biology/Ecology: Kluijver 1991, p. 331; Williams and Herbert 1989; Farrell 1988, p. 194; Shannon et al. 1988 a; Shannon et al. 1988 b Dethier 1987; Dethier 1984, p. 106; Thom 1984 a, p. 55; Turner 1983 a, p. 63; Littler and Arnold 1982, p. 309; Dethier 1981; Lubchenco and Cubit 1980, p. 677; Thom 1980 a, p. 9; Devinny 1978, p. 358; Murray and Littler 1978, p. 509; Prange 1978, p. 175; Prange 1976, p. 94; Littler and Murray 1975, p. 281; Murray and Littler 1974, p. 72; Roeleveld et al. 1974; L & uuml; ning and Dring 1973; Rhodes and Connell 1973; R. Lee 1965 a, p. 15; R. Lee 1965 b, p. 113 Epiphytes: Erythrocladia irregularis Morphology: Markager and Sand-Jensen 1996; Hsiao 1969 Ultrastructure: Cole and Lin 1970 Physiology: R. Schmid et al. 1994; Markager 1993; Wiltens et al. 1978, p. 2790; Hsiao 1969 Chemistry: Ragan and Glombitza 1986, p. 187; Ragan and Jensen 1979; Sanders 1979, p. 97 Economic Applications: Mumford 1980, p. 16

							J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
BRITISH COLUMBIA						Pl													Gametophyte: common, on rocks in pools in low intertidal; epiphytic on Phyllospadix /Zostera, in moderately to fully exposed habitats. Scagel 1957, p. 89. Scagel 1973, p. 134. Sporophyte: crust in mid/low intertidal. Dethier 1981, p. 333.
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COLUMBIA RIVER						Pl													Gametophyte: common, epiphytic and on rocks at the margins of tidepools in the mid/low intertidal. Doty 1947, p. 36. Sanborn and Doty 1947, p. 29. Markham and Celestino 1977, p. 259. Sporophyte: not found.
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CAPE ARAGO						Pl													Gametophyte: common, on surf-swept rocks of the upper and mid intertidal, often in pools. Dawson 1965 a, p. 17. Sporophyte: not found.
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CAPE MENDOCINO						Pl													Gametophyte: common, on rocks in pools in the high intertidal or epiphytic on Phyllospadix in the low intertidal. Kjeldsen 1995, p. 27. Sporophyte: not found.
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POINT ARENA						Pl													Gametophyte: common, on rocks/in pools in upper intertidal in exposed habitats. Johansen 1966 a, p. 100. Kjeldsen 1995, p. 27. Sporophyte: crust in mid/high intertidal. Hollenberg 1969, p. 291. Wynne 1969 a, p. 21. Kjeldsen 1995, p. 29.
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SAN FRANCISCO						Pl													Gametophyte: common, on rocks as clusters of greenish-brown linear-lanceolate blades throughout the tidal range. Smith 1944, p. 126. Silva 1979, p. 336. Sporophyte: crust in mid to high intertidal. Hollenberg 1969, p. 291.
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