TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual, biennial, perennial herb
Stems erect, simple or branched
Leaves simple, basal and alternate, petioled or upper sessile; blades entire, toothed or pinnately lobed
Inflorescence: heads radiate or discoid, 1few, terminal; peduncles long, stout; involucre disk-shaped; phyllaries in 13 equal or unequal series, spreading or reflexed; receptacle conic to columnar, chaffy; chaff scales oblong, entire folded around fruits
Ray flowers 0 or many, sterile
Disk flowers many; corolla yellow to dark brown, diam of tube and throat ± equal; style tips blunt-triangular
Fruit oblong, 4-angled, ± flattened; pappus a crown of fused scales or 0
Species in genus: ± 15 species: North America
Etymology: (O.J. Rudbeck, 16301702, and O.O. Rudbeck, 16601740, professors of botany at Uppsala, Sweden)
Native |
Perennial; rhizome stout
Stems 618 dm, erect, generally unbranched, glabrous
Leaves: blade generally 1030 cm, lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, entire, toothed or coarsely lobed
Inflorescence: head, radiate, solitary; peduncles 26 dm; outer phyllaries 12 cm, linear-oblong, > inner; disk 1.56 cm, ovoid to columnar; chaff greenish
Ray flowers 821; ligules yellow, 26 cm, often reflexed
Disk flowers: corollas 45 mm, greenish yellow
Fruit 45 mm, glabrous; pappus scales 11.5 mm
Ecology: Meadows, seeps, mires
Elevation: < 2600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, North Coast, High Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: s Oregon
Native |
Leaf generally 36 cm wide, entire or shallowly few-toothed; both surfaces glabrous
Ecology: Meadows, seeps, mires, stream-banks, often on serpentine
Elevation: 601250 m.
Bioregional distribution: n North Coast, w Klamath Ranges
Distribution outside California: sw Oregon
Recent taxonomic note: Rudbeckia glaucescens Eastw.
Horticultural information: WET or IRR, SUN: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.