| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to shrub
Leaves generally simple, generally alternate, generally petioled; stipules 0; blade entire to deeply lobed
Inflorescence various
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla ± radial, cylindric to rotate, lobes generally 5; stamens 5, alternate corolla lobes; ovary superior, generally 2-chambered, style 1
Fruit: berry or capsule, 2–5-chambered
Genera in family: 75 genera, 3000 species: worldwide, especially ± tropical; many alien weeds in CA; many cultivated for food, drugs, or ornamental (potato, tomato, peppers, tobacco, petunia);many TOXIC .
Annual or rhizomed per; hairs sometimes branched
Leaves sometimes ± opposite, entire to pinnately lobed
Inflorescence: flowers 1–few per axil, pedicelled
Flower: calyx 5-lobed, enlarged and persistent in fruit; corolla rotate to widely bell-shaped, yellowish, often dark-spotted inside; stamens 5, filaments inserted on hairy band in corolla tube, anthers free, generally < filaments, opening by slits; style generally straight
Fruit: berry
Seeds many, 2–2.5 mm, ± spheric to reniform
Species in genus: ± 85 species: Am, Eurasia, Australia
Etymology: (Greek: bladder, from calyx in fruit)
Reference: [Sullivan 1985 Syst Bot 10:426–444]
Some species cultivated for edible or ornamental fruit.Unripe fruit often TOXIC. Needs further study in w US .
| Introduced |
Perennial 1–4 dm, few-branched, from rhizome, forming colonies; hairs branched, few, small, nonglandular
Leaf 3–5 cm, ovate, entire to irregularly wavy-toothed; base tapered or obtuse
Inflorescence: pedicels 5–15 mm, in fruit < 25 mm
Flower: calyx 8–9 mm, in fruit 20–30 mm, 10-ribbed; corolla 14–17 mm wide, bell-shaped, yellow with darker yellow or yellow-green center, not spotted; anthers 4 mm, yellow, filling corolla throat. Waste places, fields, roadsides as waif
Chromosomes: n=12
Ecology:
Elevation: < 300 m.
Bioregional distribution: South Coast
Distribution outside California: native to c US, e Mexico
Synonyms: var. cinerascens (Dunal) Waterf.; P. mollis Nutt
Weedy.