TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual, biennial, perennial herb from taproot; sap milky
Stems erect, < 8 dm
Leaves basal or cauline, entire to pinnately lobed
Inflorescence: heads ligulate, clustered in cymes; phyllaries in 2 distinct series; receptacle naked
Flowers 560; ligules yellow, readily withering
Fruit tapered at both ends, sometimes beaked; pappus of many soft, hair-like bristles
Species in genus: ± 200 species: especially n hemisphere
Etymology: (Greek: sandal, for unknown reason)
Sexual forms of native species are distinct but (except C. nana, C. runcinata) connected by many asexually reproducing forms of hybrid origin that obscure boundaries. Asexual forms are all placed in the same sp. as sexual forms, except for the asexual group described under the name C. intermedia, for which no key is attempted
Horticultural information: TRY.
Native |
Perennial from taproot
Stems 2.58 dm, ± leafless, glabrous; branches 0
Leaves: basal 727 cm, oblanceolate or elliptic, pinnately lobed, minutely dentate, or entire, glabrous; cauline 0few, much reduced
Inflorescence: heads (in CA subspp.) 320 in open cyme; involucre 821 mm; outer phyllaries linear to lanceolate; inner phyllaries 1016, narrowly to widely lanceolate, glandular-hairy
Flowers 2050
Fruit 3.57.5 mm, 1013-ribbed, light to dark-brown; tip acuminate or beak short; pappus white
Chromosomes: 2n=22
Ecology: Moist depressions, streambanks
Elevation: 12501500 m.
Bioregional distribution: s Modoc Plateau, East of Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: to Washington, south-central Canada, north-central US, Nevada
Native |
Leaves glaucous, winged at base, closely dentate
Fruit tapered or beak short
Chromosomes: 2n=22
Ecology: Moist, alkaline valley bottoms
Elevation: 12501450 m.
Bioregional distribution: East of Sierra Nevada (Benton, s Mono Co. to Bishop, n Inyo Co.)
Distribution outside California: to Nevada
Flowering time: JunJul
Declining from grazing, habitat drainage.