TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 12 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.
Annual to subshrub, green root-parasites
Leaves sessile, entire to dissected
Inflorescence spike-like; bracts becoming shorter, wider, more lobed than leaves, tips generally colored
Flower: calyx generally unequally 4-lobed, generally colored like bract tips; corolla upper lip beak-like, tip open, lower lip generally reduced, 3-toothed to -pouched; stamens 4; anther sacs 2, unequal; stigma entire to 2-lobed, generally exserted
Fruit loculicidal, ± ovoid, ± asymmetric
Seed generally ± brown, attached at base; coat netted, net-like walls sometimes aligned ladder-like
Species in genus: ± 200 species: especially w North America
Etymology: (Domingo Castillejo, Spanish botanist)
Reference: [Chuang & Heckard 1991 Syst Bot 16:644666]
Highly variable within and between populations.Hybridization and polyploidy common; polyploid forms may have separate ranges or be ± identifiable within populations by minor characters. Biologically consistent taxa very difficult to define
Horticultural information: TRY with host; usually DFCLT.
Native |
Annual 1030 cm, generally much-branched and decumbent, puberulent
Leaf 1050 mm, lanceolate to ovate; lobes 05
Inflorescence 312 cm, 34 cm wide, often dense; bracts 1525 mm, oblong to ovate, tipped white to rose-purple, lobes 39, central lobe generally rounded
Flower: calyx 1220 mm, divided 1/2 in front and on sides, 2/3 in back, lobes linear; corolla 1425 mm, pale yellow or rose-purple, beak 45 mm, straight, puberulent, lower lip 34 mm, pouches 37 mm wide, 12 mm deep, generally purple-dotted at base, teeth 13 mm; stigma generally ± exserted
Fruit 812 mm
Seed ± 12 mm; coat shallowly netted, tight-fitting
Chromosomes: 2n=24 (all subspp.)
Ecology: Coastal bluffs, salt marshes, grassland
Elevation: < 150 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, s North Coast Ranges, n&c Central Coast
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia
Highly variable and difficult; many local, ± ecological forms; needs more study
Synonyms: Orthocarpus castillejoides Benth
Native |
Plant ± fleshy, few-branched, ascending
Inflorescence generally pink to rose-purple; bract tips rounded to truncate
Flower: corolla pink or rose-purple, lower lip teeth 23 mm
Seed 22.5 mm
Ecology: Salt marshes
Elevation: ± 0 m.
Bioregional distribution: n North Coast (Humboldt Bay; Big River Estuary, Mendocino Co.), n Central Coast (Point Reyes)
Synonyms: O. c. var. h. D.D. Keck
Threatened by coastal development.