TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual or perennial herb from caudex or rhizome
Stem generally erect, 120 dm
Leaves basal, cauline, or both, alternate, generally entire; basal generally petioled
Inflorescence: heads generally radiate, solitary or in a cyme or panicle; involucre obconic to hemispheric; phyllaries in 26 series, outer generally < inner, free, at least inner with pale, papery margins; receptacle ± flat, naked
Ray flowers 0many; corolla violet to pink or white
Disk flowers many; corolla and anthers generally yellow, tube generally < throat; anther tips ± triangular; style branches flat on inner face, base ± warty, tip acute, hairy
Fruit generally rounded, ± ribbed, ± brown; pappus of bristles, white to brownish
Species in genus: ± 250 species: North America, Eurasia, Africa
Etymology: (Greek: star)
Reference: [Allen 1984 Syst Bot 9:175191]
Recent taxonomic note: *See also revised taxonomy of Nesom 1994 Phytologia 77:141297.
Native |
Perennial; rhizomes ± woody, fibrous-rooted
Stems 27 dm, generally hairy
Leaves mainly cauline, 410 cm, widely elliptic to obovate, firm, ± acute, sharply serrate, scabrous at least below
Inflorescence: heads in a flat-topped cyme or panicle; phyllaries oblong, ± acute, base ± white with dark midvein, tip green, often purple-margined
Ray flowers 1015; corollas 813 mm, white to pale violet
Disk flowers: corolla tube > throat
Fruit ± hairy; pappus ± minutely barbed
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Dry woods
Elevation: 1501500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range, n&c Sierra Nevada, San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast Ranges, n Channel Islands
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia
Horticultural information: DRN: 4, 5, 6 &IRR: 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24; also STBL; INV.