TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual, perennial herb
Stems simple to much-branched, prostrate to erect
Leaves simple, opposite
Inflorescence: heads radiate, solitary or in few-headed cymes; peduncle slender; involucre disk-like to hemispheric; phyllaries in 12 series; receptacle conic, chaffy; chaff scales lanceolate, ± awn-tipped
Ray flowers 513; tube 0; ligules 23-lobed, cream to orange, persistent on fruit
Disk flowers many; corollas cream to yellow or brown; lobes very small; style tips triangular
Fruit glabrous; ray achenes thick, pappus of short, stout awns; disk achenes short, pappus 0 or of 2 awns
Species in genus: 5 species: sw US, Mex, n C.Am, South America
Etymology: (either Sanvital, a Spanish botanist, or the Italian Sanvital family)
Reference: [Strother 1979 Madroño 26:173179]