| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb
Stem decumbent to erect, < 2 m
Leaves simple, cauline (sometimes also basal), opposite or whorled, entire, sessile or basal ± petioled; stipules 0
Flower bisexual, radial, parts in 4's or 5's, except pistil 1; sepals fused, persistent; petals fused, persistent or deciduous, corolla generally without fringes or scales on inner surface, sinuses between lobes generally unappendaged; stamens epipetalous, alternate corolla lobes; ovary superior, chamber 1, placentas parietal, often intruding
Fruit: capsule, 2-valved
Seeds many
Genera in family: ± 80 genera, 900 species: worldwide; some cultivated (Eustoma , Exacum , Gentiana )
Reference: [Wood & Weaver 1982 J Arnold Arbor 63:441–487]
Perennial (dying after flowering in S. albomarginata , S. fastigiata , S. parryi , S. puberulenta , S. radiata ; non-flower rosettes preceding flower-stems in these species, accompanying flower-stems in others)
Leaves: basal ± petioled; cauline < basal, generally whorled or opposite
Inflorescence: cyme or panicle of dense clusters
Flower: parts in 4's (generally 5's in S. perennis, many species outside CA); calyx fused only near base, lobes lanceolate; corolla rotate, rarely bell-shaped, sometimes with fringed ridges or scales between stamen bases, lobes > tube, sinus appendages 0, nectary pits prominent, 1–2 per lobe, pit margin fringed; ovary sessile, style short, persistent, stigma 2-branched
Species in genus: ± 120 species: temp North America, Eurasia, Africa
Etymology: (E. Sweert, Dutch herbalist, born 1552)
Reference: [St. John 1941 Amer Midl Naturalist 21:1–29]
Frasera sometimes segregated.
| Native |
Plant 1–5 dm, glabrous
Stem generally 1; rosettes 1–few
Leaves: basal 3–16 cm, 12–30 mm wide, spoon-shaped-obovate, tips obtuse; cauline opposite or some alternate, elliptic-oblanceolate, tips subacute
Inflorescence open; pedicels 2–30(60) mm
Flower parts in 4's or 5's; calyx 4–8 mm; corolla 7–13 mm, with a low, ± fringed ridge between stamen bases, bluish white to violet-blue, veins darker, lobes lance-oblong, acute; nectary pits 2 per corolla lobe, round
Chromosomes: 2n=28
Ecology: Wet meadows, bogs
Elevation: 2300–3200 m.
Bioregional distribution: s High Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: Wallowa Mtns of Oregon, Rocky Mtns of Colorado to Alaska, Eurasia