- Blue markers: specimen records
- Yellow marker: type locality, if present
- Red markers: endpoints of range from literature
Grateloupia C. Agardh 1822
Thalli erect, with slender, foliar main axes with branches, these occasionally branched again or proliferous, some thalli branching in 1 plane only, others in all directions, or with 1 or more blades growing from discoid holdfast. Blades usually stipitate, simple, or pinnately, palmately, dichotomously, or irregularly divided. Surface smooth, somewhat gelatinous, the lateral margins frequently with proliferous bladelets, or spiny outgrowths. Medulla of periclinally directed, colorless filaments and 1 or 2 layers of colorless, stellate cells. Innermost cortical layer also stellate; outermost cortex of 4-8 dichotomously divided cell rows. Rhizoidal filaments common in older thalli. Tetrasporangia scattered in outer cortex, sometimes loosely united in sori. Plants monoecious or dioecious. Spermatangia in superficial patches. Gonimoblasts with only outermost cells becoming carposporangia, or with several gonimolobes in which nearly all cells become carposporangia, these lying beneath carpostome. Fusion of basal cells of ampullae forming a stalk beneath spore mass.
Grateloupia doryphora (Mont.) Howe
Halymenia doryphora Montagne 1839: 21. Grateloupia doryphora (Mont.) Howe 1914: 169; Ardré & Gayral 1961: 38 (incl. synonymy); Dawson, Acleto & Foldvik 1964: 49 (incl. synonymy). G. cutleriae f. maxima Gardner, P.B.-A. 1895-1919 1911: no. 124. G. maxima (Gardn.) Kylin 1941: 10. G. abreviata Kyl. 1941: 10. G. multiphylla Dawson 1954a: 251.
Thalli narrowly to broadly lanceolate, to 2 m tall, of soft gelatinous texture, wine red or olive, purple, to yellowish, several blades arising from common holdfast; if bladelike and expanded, upper half frequently incised; margin of blade sometimes plane, more frequently proliferous; proliferations spinelike (short, narrow, less than 1 mm wide) or bladelike (elongate, to 3 cm wide); if not expanded, but foliose, several narrow blades produced from broad flattened stipe, the margins with attenuate long spines.
Locally abundant in sheltered areas, saxicolous, low intertidal, Puget Sd., Wash., to Peru (type locality); in Calif., common in both harbor and exposed situations.
This is one of the most variable species of red algae in temperate and subtropical areas. Simple, bladelike forms resemble in color and texture some forms of Schizymenia pacifica, but in addition to lacking gland cells they are generally more lanceolate and more gelatinous than Schizymenia. Specimens resembling the narrow, proliferous forms of both G. doryphora and Prionitis lyallii are commonly found, and it is difficult to distinguish them except by critically examining sections through old and young portions of thalli. Usually, Grateloupia species show stellate cells in the outer medulla and have a narrow cortex, whereas in Prionitis the stellate cells are usually lacking and the cortex is very thick compared to that of Grateloupia.
Excerpt from Abbott, I. A., & Hollenberg, G. J. (1976). Marine algae of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. xii [xiii] + 827 pp., 701 figs.
