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sporangial thalli (lower right) from Setchell and Gardner 1920b
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Synonyms:
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Monostroma arcticum Wittrock, M. grevillei var. arcticum (Wittrock) Rosenvinge
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Illustrations:
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Gametophyte: Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 67, fig. 19 (habit); Bliding 1969, p. 601, fig. 39 (photos): A, B (habit), C–H (surface views, vegetative and gametangial plants), p. 603, fig. 40 (photos): A–F (x-sections), G (male gametes), H (female gametes), p. 605, fig. 41 (photos): C–H (development from zoospores), p. 607, fig. 42 (photos): A (habit), B–F (surface views, different parts of plant), G, H (x-sections), p. 609, fig. 43 (photos): A (habit), B, C (surface views), D (x-section), E, F (neutral biflagellate swarmers), G–L (early development of new plant); Burrows 1991, pl. 1 (photo: habit); Golden and Garbary 1984, p. 321 (photos): fig. 1 (habit, male gametophyte), fig. 2 (habit, female gametophyte), figs. 3, 4 (surface views, lower portion of plant), fig. 5 (female gametes), fig. 6 (male gametes), fig. 7 (syngamy); Kornmann 1962a, p. 196, fig. 1A–D (male and female gametes and syngamy), p. 199, fig. 3 (photos: gametophyte development); Kornmann 1973, p. 5, fig. 3, and p. 6, fig. 4 (photos: gametophyte development). Sporophyte: Bliding 1969, p. 603, fig. 40 (photos): I–L (development from zygotes), p. 605, fig. 41 (photos): A, B (mature sporophytes with zoospores); Kornmann 1962a, p. 197, fig. 2A, B (photos: mature sporophytes); Kornmann 1973, p. 3, fig. 1, and p. 4, fig. 2 (photos: sporophyte development); Wilkinson and Burrows 1972, pl. 1D (photo: sporophyte growing in mussel shell)
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Pacific Coast Distribution:
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Amchitka I., Aleutian Is., Alaska (Lebednik and Palmisano 1977, p. 360) to Seattle, Wash. (Thom et al. 1977, p. 270); Fort Bragg, Mendocino Co., Calif. to Duxbury Reef, Marin Co., Calif. (Kjeldsen 1995, p. 9); Santa Cruz, Calif. (Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 68); Moss Beach, Monterey Peninsula, Calif. (Hollenberg and Abbott 1966, p. 11[621])
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Taxonomy:
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Burrows 1991, p. 63; Golden and Garbary 1984, p. 320; Bliding 1969, p. 602
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Life History:
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alternation of a microscopic Gomontia-like sporophyte with macroscopic unisexual gametophytes by means of quadriflagellate zoospores and biflagellate anisogametes (Golden and Garbary 1984, p. 320; Kornmann 1973, p. 2; Kornmann 1962a); in the morphologically nearly indistinguishable var. arcticum, recycling of macroscopic plant by means of neutral biflagellate swarmers (Golden and Garbary 1984, p. 323; Bliding 1969, p. 610; Kornmann and Sahling 1962, p. 305)
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Biology/Ecology:
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Lüning 1990; Golden and Garbary 1984; Dring and Lüning 1983; Hodgson and Waaland 1980, p. 110; Lüning 1980b; R. Lee 1965b, p. 113
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