Enteromorpha linza (Linnaeus) J. Agardh

sections from Setchell and Gardner 1920b

Note:

The genus Enteromorpha was merged with Ulva by Hayden et al. 2003.

Synonyms:

Ulva linza Linnaeus, Enteromorpha linza var. crispata (Bertoloni) Doty, E. linza var. flexicaulis Doty, E. linza var. lanceolata (Linnaeus) Doty, E. linza var. oblanceolata Doty

Illustrations:

Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 75, fig. 32 (habit); Bliding 1963, p. 128, fig. 79a–f (photos: habit), p. 129, fig. 80 (photos): a (habit), b–d (surface views, vegetative plants), p. 131, fig. 81 (photos): a (surface view, vegetative plant), b–d (x-sections, vegetative plant), e (zoospores), f (germling); Burrows 1991, pl. 4 (photo: habit); Kapraun, 1984 p. 88, fig. 28 (photo: habit); Koeman and van den Hoek 1984, p. 28, figs. 27–32 (field-collected plants with biflagellate swarmers), figs. 33–38 (germlings and cultured plants), fig. 39 (habit, field-collected plant), figs. 40–45 (habit, cultured plants); Kornmann and Sahling 1977, p. 75, fig. 35 (photos): A–D (habit, vegetative and reproductive plants), F (surface view, reproductive plant), G (zoospores); J. Phillips and Clayton 1983, p. 12, figs. 1–3 (photos: habit, plants from nature), p. 14, figs. 4–6 (photos: x-sections, stipe and blade), fig. 7 (photo: surface view, blade); Scagel 1966, pl. 24, fig. A (habit), figs. B, C (surface views, vegetative plant), figs. D–F (x-sections, vegetative plant); Scagel 1967, p. 47, fig. 11:a (habit), b, c (x-sections, vegetative plant); Smith 1944, pl. 3, fig. 4 (habit), fig. 5 (x-section, vegetative plant)

Pacific Coast Distribution:

Izembek Lagoon, Bristol Bay, Alaska (Lindstrom 1977, p. 27) to Monterey Peninsula, Calif. (Smith 1944, p. 44); throughout San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. (Sparling 1977, p. 29); Santa Barbara Co., Calif. (Cojo Pt.: Silva 5442 in UC; Goleta: Dawson 1959b, p. 186); Channel Is., Calif. (Santa Cruz I.: Silva 2656 in UC; San Nicolas I.: Murray and Littler 1989, p. 65); Ventura, Calif. (Ferren et al. 1990, p. 234); Portuguese Bend, Los Angeles Co., Calif. (Thom 1980b, p. 106); Bolsa Bay, Orange Co., Calif. (Dawson 5110 in UC); Ocean Beach, San Diego, Calif. (Murray and Littler 1989, p. 65); Gulf of California (Bahía La Choya and Punta Pelicano, near Puerto Peñasco, Sonora: Dawson 1966a, p. 5; to La Paz, Baja Calif.: Setchell and Gardner 1920b, p. 263); Jalisco (Puerto Vallarta and Cabo Corrientes: Mendoza González and Mateo Cid 1992, p. 23)

Taxonomy:

Burrows 1991, p. 88; Koeman and van den Hoek 1984, p. 26; Kornmann and Sahling 1977, p. 74; Scagel 1966, p. 52; Bliding 1963, p. 127

Molecular Taxonomy:

Freshwater et al. 1990

Life History:

uninvestigated in Pacific coast populations; in Japan, sexually reproducing populations with alternation of isomorphic phases, a sporophyte that produces quadriflagellate zoospores alternating with unisexual gametophytes that produce unequal biflagellate gametes; asexually reproducing populations recycling by quadriflagellate zoospores or biflagellate swarmers (Arasaki and Shihira 1959; Arasaki 1946); in Europe and the western Atlantic, only asexual reproduction confirmed (Koeman and van den Hoek 1984, p. 27; Kapraun and Flynn 1973, p. 147; Bliding 1963, p. 130; Comps 1961)

Phenology:

K. Kim et al. 1991; Arasaki and Shihira 1959

Chromosomes:

Kapraun and Bailey 1992; Comps 1961; Comps 1960

Biology/Ecology:

Flavier and Zingmark 1993; Farrell 1988, p. 194; Pregnall and Rudy 1985, p. 170; Thom 1984a, p. 54; Thom 1984b, p. 102; Pomeroy and Levings 1980, p. 3; Thom 1980b, p. 106; Thom 1980a, p. 9; Dayton 1975, p. 140; Fries 1975b; Hruby 1975, p. 882; Kjeldsen and Phinney 1972, p. 304; Dayton 1971, p. 372; Markham 1970, p. 233; Druehl 1967a, p. 42; R. Lee 1965a, p. 14; Widdowson 1965b, p. 1427; Lersten and Voth 1960; Rigg and Miller 1949

Morphology:

K. Kim et al. 1991; Phillips and Clayton 1983; Arasaki and Shihira 1959

Ultrastructure:

Floyd and O'Kelly 1984, p. 114

Physiology:

Wiltens et al. 1978, p. 2790; Jolliffe and Tregunna 1970, p. 296; Brown and Tregunna 1967, p. 1137

Chemistry:

de Jesus et al. 1989, p. 768; Blunden et al. 1982, p. 565; Dickson et al. 1979, p. 415; Medcalf et al. 1972; Rönnerstrand 1943, p. 48

Economic Applications:

Kapraun 1990