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Synonyms:
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Halosaccion japonicum Harvey, Chordaria abietina Ruprecht ex Farlow, Heterochordaria abietina (Ruprecht ex Farlow) Setchell et Gardner
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Illustrations:
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Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 181, fig. 146 (habit); Scagel 1967, p. 91, fig. 31a (habit), fig. 31b (x-section, vegetative anatomy); Setchell and Gardner 1903, pl. 18, fig. 16 (young plants), fig. 17 (adult); Setchell and Gardner 1925, pl. 36, fig. 18 (unilocular sporangia), fig. 19 (plurilocular organs), pl. 91 (photo: habit); Wynne 1971, p. 172, fig. 7 (plurilocular organs), fig. 8 (unilocular sporangia), p. 173, fig. 9 (photo: lectotype of Halosaccion japonicum)
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Pacific Coast Distribution:
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St. Lawrence I., Alaska (Setchell and Gardner 1925, p. 551) to Government Point, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. (Murray and Littler 1989, p. 66)
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Taxonomy:
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W. Nelson 1982a; Wynne 1971
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Molecular Taxonomy:
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Tan and Druehl 1994
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Life History:
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alternation of isomorphic phases, although only plurilocular plants are present throughout much of its distribution, suggesting that the gametes may not fuse but act as spores to recycle the gametophytic phase (Nakahara 1984; W. Nelson 1982b; Wynne 1972b, p. 139)
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Phenology:
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annual erect thalli arising from perennial crustose base at the same time (March) at all latitudes; unilocular plants rare, known only from Monterey County (W. Nelson and DeWreede 1989, p. 53)
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Chromosomes:
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Cole 1967b, p. 522
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Biology/Ecology:
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Lüning 1990; Müller, Kawai, Stache, Fölster, & Boland 1990; W. Nelson and DeWreede 1989; DeWreede and Vandermeulen 1988, p. 471; Farrell 1988, p. 194; Lüning and Freshwater 1988, p. 312; Dethier 1987, p. 1842; Steinberg 1985; Turner 1985, p. 88; Sousa 1984, p. 1923; Turner 1983a, p. 63; W, Nelson 1982a; W, Nelson 1982b; W. Nelson and Cole 1982; W. Nelson 1980; Dayton 1975, p. 140; R. Lee 1965a, p. 14; R. Lee 1965b, p. 111; Neushul 1965, p. 168; Widdowson 1965b, p. 1427; Scagel 1961, p. 528; Rigg and Miller 1949
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Epiphytes:
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Saundersella simplex
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Ultrastructure:
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Henry 1979
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Chemistry:
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Khotimchenko et al. 2002; Ragan and Glombitza 1986, p. 186; Hoppe and Levring 1982, p. 18; Saenko et al. 1978; Takagi et al. 1973
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Economic Applications:
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Mumford 1980, p. 16
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