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Pterygophora californica Ruprecht
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 drawing of Pterygophora californica
Illustrations:
Sporophyte: Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 240, fig. 197 ( habit ); McKay 1933, pl. 15 ( development of juveniles ); Scagel 1967, p. 149, fig. 60 ( habit ); Setchell and Gardner 1925, pl. 74: ( photo: habit ). Gametophytes: McKay 1933, pl. 13 ( male and female )  Display references
Pacific Coast Distribution:
Alaska ( Cook Inlet, drift: Lindstrom 1977, p. 76; Cape Bingham: Druehl 1969, p. 165 ) to Bahia Rosario, Baja Calif. ( Dawson 1951 b, p. 50 ); Channel Is ., Calif. ( Santa Rosa I.: Silva 5999 in UC; Santa Cruz I.: Silva 6251 in UC; Anacapa I.: Neushul et al. 1967, p. 40; San Nicolas I.: Estes and Harrold 1988, p. 144 ); Baja Calif. ( Islas Los Coronados: Silva 4761 in UC; Punta Descanso and Bah & iacute; a Rosario: Dawson 1951 b, p. 50 )  Display references
Molecular Taxonomy:
Saunders and Druehl 1993 b; Druehl and Saunders 1992; Saunders and Druehl 1992 a  Display references
Evolution:
Druehl and Saunders 1992; Saunders and Druehl 1992 b  Display references
Life History:
alternation of heteromorphic phases, with a macroscopic sporophyte and dioecious microscopic gametophytes ( Cole 1967 b, p. 523; McKay 1933 )  Display references
Chromosomes:
Cole 1967 b, p. 523; McKay 1933  Display references
Biology/Ecology:
D. Reed et al. 1996; Danner et al. 1995; K. Wilson et al. 1995; L & uuml; ning 1994; Clark 1993; Konar 1993; L & uuml; ning and Kadel 1993; DeWreede et al. 1992; D. Reed et al. 1992; Amsler and Neushul 1991; L & uuml; ning 1991; Foster et al. 1991, p. 249; D. Reed et al. 1991; Watanabe and Harrold 1991, p. 127; Amsler and Neushul 1990 b; L & uuml; ning 1990; North et al. 1990; D. Reed 1990 a; D. Reed 1990 b; Amsler and Neushul 1989; Dean et al. 1989; T. Wilson and Schlotterbeck 1989; Estes and Harrold 1988; Foster and Schiel 1988; Harrold et al. 1988; Laur et al. 1988; L & uuml; ning and Freshwater 1988, p. 312; D. Reed 1988; DeWreede 1986; DeWreede 1986; Druehl and Breen 1986, p. 99; Schiel and Foster 1986, p. 271; Breda and Foster 1985, p. 116; Dayton 1985, p. 217; Ebeling et al. 1985, p. 287; Foster and Schiel 1985; Harrold and Reed 1985, p. 1163; DeWreede 1984; Dean et al. 1984; D. Reed and Foster 1984, p. 937; Breen et al. 1982, p. 15; Cowen et al. 1982, p. 191; DeWreede 1982; Foster 1982 b, p. 188; L & uuml; ning 1982, p. 50; Pace 1981; Hodgson and Waaland 1980, p. 110; Pearse and Hines 1979, p. 83; Devinny and Kirkwood 1974, p. 102; Rosenthal et al. 1974, p. 672; Aleem 1973, p. 86; Neushul 1972, p. 60; Druehl 1970, p. 242; Druehl 1969, p. 165; Paine and Vadas 1969 b, p. 80; Clarke and Neushul 1967, p. 32; Neushul 1967, p. 85; Neushul et al. 1967, p. 40; Scagel 1961, p. 528; Rigg and Miller 1949; Doty 1946, p. 324; Frye 1918  Display references
Epiphytes:
Acrochaetium pacificum , Amplisiphonia pacifica , Antithamnion densum , Ectocarpus commensalis , Hymenena fryeana , Kallymenia oblongifructa , Membranoptera platyphylla , Membranoptera tenuis , Microcladia coulteri , Myriogramme spectabilis , Myrionema balticum , Neoptilota californica , Porphyra gardneri , Porphyra variegata , Rhodophysema elegans
Morphology:
Makarov et al. 1995; L & uuml; ning 1991; Hymanson et al. 1990  Display references
Ultrastructure:
Henry and Cole 1982 b, p. 571; Henry and Cole 1982 a, p. 551; Henry 1980, p. 9; Henry 1979  Display references
Physiology:
Fuhrberg et al. 1996; Watanabe et al. 1992; Amsler 1988 a; Amsler 1988 b  Display references
Immunology:
Eardley et al. 1990; Hempel et al. 1989  Display references
Chemistry:
Ragan and Glombitza 1986, p. 189; Whyte and Englar 1983, p. 163  Display references
Economic Applications:
Druehl and Boal 1981, p. 578; Mumford 1980, p. 19  Display references

Pl =plurilocular; U =unilocular; S =sterile
J F M A M J J A S O N D
BRITISH
COLUMBIA
Pl                         Abundant, on rocks in the subtidal to a depth of 30 ft, in fully sheltered to moderately exposed habitats. Scagel 1957, p. 107. Scagel 1973, pp. 134, 135. Hawkes et al. 1979, p. 95.  Display references
U  green dot  green dot          green dot  green dot        green dot
S  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot
COLUMBIA
RIVER
Pl                         Abundant throughout the range, in pools, in the low intertidal and upper subtidal, with Laminaria setchellii . Doty 1947, p. 43. Sanborn and Doty 1947, p. 31.  Display references
U                        
S  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot
CAPE
ARAGO
Pl                         Abundant, in the upper subtidal of exposed rocky shores. Dawson 1965 a, p. 19.  Display references
U    green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot        green dot  green dot  
S  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot
CAPE
MENDOCINO
Pl                         Abundant, in the low intertidal and upper subtidal of exposed rocky shores. ( Silva in UC ).
U                        
S  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot
POINT
ARENA
Pl                         Abundant, on low intertidal and upper subtidal rocks in exposed habitats. Johansen 1966 a, p. 104. Kjeldsen 1995, p. 29.  Display references
U        green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot
S  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot
SAN
FRANCISCO
Pl                         Abundant, throughout the year in extensive beds in pools in the low intertidal and subtidal to 20 to 60 ft. adjacent to and in Macrocystis beds. Smith 1944, p. 148. Devinny and Kirkwood 1974, p. 102.  Display references
U              green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot    
S  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot  green dot

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Page dated: Mon Feb 13 21: 24: 26 2006
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