Macrocystis integrifolia Bory

Illustrations:

Sporophyte: Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 256, fig. 206 (habit); Scagel 1967, p. 145, fig. 58a (habit), fig. 58b (blade detail), fig. 58c (new developing blades). Gametophytes: Cole 1968, pl. I, figs. 1–12 (photos: development of male and female plants through fertilization)

Pacific Coast Distribution:

Kodiak I., Gulf of Alaska, Alaska (Druehl 1970, p. 241) to Monterey Peninsula, Calif. (Smith 1944, p. 144); Montaña de Oro State Park, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. (Sparling 1977, p. 38); Bahía Tortugas, Baja Calif. (Mendoza González and Mateo Cid 1985)

Taxonomy:

Neushul 1971

Molecular Taxonomy:

Tan and Druehl 1996; Saunders and Druehl 1993b; Druehl and Saunders 1992; Saunders and Druehl 1992a

Evolution:

Coyer et al. 2001; Druehl and Saunders 1992; Saunders and Druehl 1992b

Life History:

alternation of heteromorphic phases, with a macroscopic sporophyte and dioecious microscopic gametophytes (Cole 1968, p. 777)

Chromosomes:

Yabu and Sanbonsuga 1987; Cole 1967b, p. 523

Genetics:

Lewis and Neushul 1996; Lewis and Neushul 1994; Fain et al. 1988, p. 293; Fain and Druehl 1984

Biology/Ecology:

Sloan and Bartier 2000, p. 14; Hurd and Stevens 1997; Graham 1996; Fain 1992; Foster et al. 1991, p. 249; D. Reed et al. 1991; Lüning 1990; Stekoll and Else 1990; Murray and Horn 1989, p. 459; Harrold et al. 1988; Apt 1988a; Apt 1988c, p. 212; Lüning and Freshwater 1988, p. 312; Rosell and Srivastava 1987; Druehl and Wheeler 1986; Wheeler and Druehl 1986; Dayton 1985, p. 236; Foster and Schiel 1985, p. 2; Deysher and Dean 1984; Druehl 1984; Bruce et al. 1983; Horn et al. 1983, p. 83; Popovic et al. 1983; Smith et al. 1983; Albright et al. 1982; Breen et al. 1982, p. 16; Druehl and Kemp 1982; Pace 1981; Druehl 1981a, p. 60; Albright et al. 1980; Nicholson 1980; Hawkes et al. 1979, p. 94; Druehl 1978; Sanbonsuga and Neushul 1978; Lobban 1978a; Lobban 1978b; Andrews 1977, p. 1022; Fankboner and de Burgh, 1977; Fankboner and Druehl 1976; Turner 1975, p. 34; Devinny and Kirkwood 1974, p. 102; Pace 1973; Turner 1973, p. 195; Jamison 1972, p. 354; Pace 1972; Duncan 1971; Druehl 1970, p. 241; Druehl 1969, p. 164; Paine and Vadas 1969b, p. 80; Cole 1968; Widdowson 1965b, p. 1428; Scagel 1964, p. 264; Scagel 1963, p. 48; Scagel 1961, p. 528

Epiphytes:

Hecatonema primarium, Pterochondria woodii

Ultrastructure:

Henry and Cole 1982a, p. 551; Henry and Cole 1982b, p. 571; Henry 1980, p. 9

Physiology:

Hurd, Durante et al. 1994; Hurd, Quick et al. 1994; Lüning 1990; Wheeler and Srivastava 1984; Smith et al. 1983; Shih et al. 1983; K. Schmitz 1982, p. 171; Willenbrink 1982; Kremer 1981, p. 504; Schmitz and Srivastava 1980; Kremer 1979, p. 246; Englar et al. 1979; Willenbrink et al. 1979; Schmitz and Srivastava 1979a; Schmitz and Srivastava 1979b; Lobban 1978c; Lobban 1976; Schmitz and Srivastava 1974b

Chemistry:

Khotimchenko et al. 2002; Rosell and Srivastava 1985; Rosell and Srivastava 1984a; Rosell and Srivastava 1984b; Whyte and Englar 1983, p. 163; Wort 1955

Economic Applications:

Sloan and Bartier 2000, p. 5; Lloyd 1989, p. 35; Druehl 1988, p. 121; Druehl and Breen 1986; Coon 1982; Druehl and Boal 1981, p. 578; Mumford 1980, p. 19; Druehl 1979a