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Illustrations:
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Sporophyte: Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 232, fig. 191 ( habit ); Druehl 1968, pl. I, fig. 3 ( photo: habit ), pl. V, fig. 20 ( photo: x-section, blade ), fig. 32 ( photo: x-section, stipe ); Myers 1925, pl. 8, figs. 11, 14 ( initial stages ), pls. 9 a, 10 ( photos: embryonic sporophytes ); Setchell 1905 b, figs. 1 & ndash; 16 ( regeneration of blade ). Gametophytes: Myers 1925, pl. 8, figs. 9, 10 ( male ), figs. 11 & ndash; 14 ( female ), pl. 9 a ( photo: male and female )
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Pacific Coast Distribution:
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Hope I ., British Columbia ( Scagel 1957, p. 98 ) to Arroyo Sequit, Los Angeles Co ., California ( Nicholson and Cimberg 1971, p. 375 )
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Taxonomy:
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see Taxonomic Notes, p. 000; Druehl 1968, p. 541; Druehl 1965, p. 15; Silva 1957, p. 43
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Life History:
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alternation of heteromorphic phases, with a macroscopic sporophyte and dioecious microscopic gametophytes ( Myers 1925 )
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Biology/Ecology:
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L & uuml; ning 1994; Foster et al. 1988, p. 29; L & uuml; ning and Freshwater 1988, p. 312; Dayton 1985, p. 217; Littler and Arnold 1982, p. 309; Markham 1973; Markham 1972; Druehl 1970, p. 239; Druehl 1969, p. 164; Markham 1969; Doty 1946, p. 326
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Epiphytes:
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Acrochaete geniculata , Acrochaetium pacificum , Callophyllis pinnata , Ectocarpus commensalis , Neoptilota californica , Porphyra gardneri , Titanoderma pustulatum var. confine
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Morphology:
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Makarov et al. 1995; L & uuml; ning 1994
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Physiology:
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K. Schmitz 1982, p. 171
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Chemistry:
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Van Alstyne et al. 1999; Gerwick et al. 1993, p. 662; Proteau and Gerwick 1993; Ragan and Glombitza 1986, p. 188
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