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Note:
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All references published either as Laminaria bongardiana or L. groenlandica unless otherwise specified.
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Illustrations:
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Sporophyte: Druehl 1968, pl. II, fig. 8 ( photo: habit, shade form ), pl. III, fig. 11 ( photo: habit, short stipe form, bullate blade ), fig. 12 ( photo: habit, long stipe form ), fig. 13 ( photo: habit, short stipe form, abullate blade ), fig. 14 ( photo: habit, flat stipe form ), pl. V, fig. 23 ( photo: x-section, blade, shade form ), fig. 24 ( photo: x-section, blade, long stipe form ), fig. 25 ( photo: x-section, blade, flat stipe form ), pl. VI, fig. 35 ( photo: x-section, stipe, shade form ), fig. 36 ( photo: x-section, stipe, short stipe form ), fig. 37 ( photo: x-section, stipe, long stipe form ), pl. VII, fig. 38 ( photo: x-section, stipe, flat stipe form ); Postels and Ruprecht 1840, pls. XIII, XIV ( habit ); Setchell and Gardner 1925, pl. 59, figs. a, b ( photo: habit, as L. cuneifolia ); Scagel 1967, p. 121, fig. 46 ( habit )
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Pacific Coast Distribution:
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Bering Sea, Alaska ( Scagel 1957, p. 95, as L. platymeris ) to Cape Blanco, Oregon ( Doty 1947, p. 39, as L. cuneifolia ); Mendocino Co ., Calif. ( Chadbourne Gulch/Mussel Shoals; Fort Bragg; Noyo Harbor: Kjeldsen 1995, p. 24 ); Shell Beach, Sonoma Co ., Calif. ( Kjeldsen 1995, p. 24 ); Marin Co ., Calif. ( Tomales Bay; Duxbury Reef: Kjeldsen 1995, p. 24 ); San Francisco Bay, Calif. ( Kjeldsen 1995, p. 24 )
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Taxonomy:
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L & uuml; ning and tom Dieck 1990; Petrov 1972, p. 55; Druehl 1968, p. 542; Druehl 1965, p. 18; Druehl 1979 b
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Molecular Taxonomy:
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Bhattacharya and Druehl 1990
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Life History:
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uninvestigated, but presumably alternation of heteromorphic phases, with a macroscopic sporophyte and dioecious microscopic gametophytes
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Genetics:
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Neefus et al. 1993; Bhattacharya, Mayes et al. 1991
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Biology/Ecology:
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Dean et al. 2000; L & uuml; ning and Kadel 1993; tom Dieck 1992; L & uuml; ning 1990; Heine 1989, p. 256; Foster et al. 1988, p. 9; L & uuml; ning and Freshwater 1988, p. 312; Druehl et al. 1987; Schiel and Foster 1986, p. 274; Foster and Schiel 1985, p. 50; D. Reed and Foster 1984, p. 946; Duggins 1983, p. 1615; Levings et al. 1983, p. 1127; Druehl and Green 1982, p. 167; Calvin and Ellis 1981; Duggins 1981; Duggins 1980; Hodgson and Waaland 1980, p. 110; Druehl 1970, p. 239; Druehl 1969, p. 163; Paine and Vadas 1969 a, p. 714; Druehl 1967 b; R. Lee 1965 a, p. 14 ( as L. cuneifolia ); R. Lee 1965 b, p. 111 ( as L. cuneifolia ); Scagel 1961, p. 528
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Epiphytes:
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Hincksia sandriana , Porphyra gardneri
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Ultrastructure:
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Henry and Cole 1982 a, p. 551; Henry 1980, p. 9; Schmitz and Srivastava 1974 a
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Physiology:
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Harrison et al. 1986; Kremer 1981, p. 504; Schmitz and Srivastava 1974 a; Harrison and Druehl 1982, p. 115
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Chemistry:
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Van Alstyne et al. 1999; Whyte and Englar 1983, p. 163
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Economic Applications:
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Lloyd 1989, p. 31; Druehl 1988, p. 121; Druehl, Baird et al. 1988; Druehl and Boal 1981, p. 576; Mumford 1980, p. 19
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