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Key to OenotheraView taxon page for Oenothera
(For a list of species in Oenothera, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1. Fruit indehiscent  Not opening inherently to release contents; usually pertaining to fruits. , short 2. Fruit ± linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. ; stalk-like base 2–8 mm, slender ..... O. sinuosa 2' Fruit fusiform  Elongate, widest at the middle, tapered to both ends. to ovoid; stalk-like base 0–3 mm, thick if present 3' Perennial herb; sepals 5–14 mm, widely opening; stalk-like base of fruit short, thick 4. Fruit base > 1/2 diam of widest part, fruit becoming wider ± gradually; caudex  Generally short, sometimes woody, more or less vertical stem of a perennial, at or beneath ground level. woody, branched below ground ..... O. suffrutescens 4' Fruit base ± 1/4 diam of widest part, fruit with a conspicuous, abrupt bulge near middle; rhizomed ..... O. xenogaura 1' Fruit dehiscent  Opening at maturity to release contents; usually pertaining to anthers or fruits. , generally elongate 5. Fruit winged, angled or ribbed, basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. part sterile 6. Petals yellow; fruit winged in distal 2/3, not narrower toward base ..... O. flava 6' Petals white, rose, or rose-purple; basal part of fruit narrower, sterile; seeds clustered 7. Hypanthium 4–8 mm; petals 5–10 mm; fruit base tapered  Gradually (not abruptly) narrower or smaller at base or tip. ..... [O. rosea] 7' Hypanthium 10–23 mm; petals 25–40 mm; fruit base cylindric  Elongate, with parallel sides and, at any point, round in transverse section. ..... O. speciosa 5' Fruit not winged, often angled or tubercled, fertile throughout 8. Fruit tubercled; petals white 9. Annual; hypanthium  Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary). 20–37(47) mm; sepals 4.5–12 mm; petals 6.5–20(25) mm ..... O. cavernae 9' Perennial herb; hypanthium 30–165 mm; sepals 16–50 mm, tips in bud  1. An incompletely developed, more or less embryonic shoot, usually covered with bud scales. 2. An unopened flower, often protected by sepals. not free; petals 16–56 mm ..... O. cespitosa 10. Fruit 10–34 mm, lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. to elliptic-ovate, generally S-shaped, stalk-like base 0–1 mm; petals fading rose to purple; margin of seed-cavity lobed ..... subsp. crinita 10' Fruit 25–68 mm, cylindric, ± straight, stalk-like base 0–55 mm; petals fading lavender to pink; margin of seed-cavity entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). ..... subsp. marginata 8' Fruit not tubercled; petals yellow or white 11. Petals white; stem peeling; bud nodding; seeds in 1 row per chamber 12. Perennial herb; new shoots generally from lateral roots; free sepal tips in bud 0 or < 1 mm ..... O. avita 13. Stem hairs dense, short, appressed  Parallel or nearly parallel to and often in contact with surface of origin; used to describe the disposition of hairs, leaves, pedicels, etc. and long, spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. , wavy; roots fleshy; new rosettes A radiating cluster of leaves generally at or near ground level. at stem tips ..... subsp. eurekensis 13' Stem hairs 0 (to dense, short, appressed and long, spreading); roots not fleshy; new rosettes not forming at stem tips 12' Annual or perennial  Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb; new shoots from lateral roots 0; free sepal tips in bud 0–1.2 mm (pl annual or short-lived perennial herb) or 1–9 mm (pl perennial herb) ..... O. deltoides 15' Annual or short-lived perennial herb, green; free sepal tips in bud 0–1 mm 16' Distal leaves ± entire to ± dentate  Having margins with sharp, relatively coarse teeth pointing outward, not tipward. , rarely pinnately lobed; stem generally 2–10 dm; petals 15–43 mm 11' Petals yellow; stem generally not peeling; buds  1. An incompletely developed, more or less embryonic shoot, usually covered with bud scales. 2. An unopened flower, often protected by sepals. generally erect(nodding in Oenothera pubescens); seeds generally in 2 rows per chamber 18. Fruit lanceolate to ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. ; seed 2.4–3.5 mm, ± wrinkled 19. Petals fading deep salmon-red; fruit twisted; 1 side of seed with 2 small ridges; c&s SNH ..... O. xylocarpa 19' Petals fading red-purple to orange; fruit not twisted; 1 side of seed with thick, U-shaped area surrounding a groove; D ..... O. primiveris 18' Fruit ± cylindric (sometimes slightly wider toward tip); seed 1–2 mm, pitted 20. Stem decumbent  lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. to erect  Upright; vertically oriented. ; annual or perennial herb (except Oenothera stricta, Oenothera pubescens biennial); flowers few, in distal axils 21' Bud nodding or curved upward; petal base unspotted 20' Stem erect; biennial; flowers in generally dense spikes; seeds angled, irregularly pitted 24. Petals 25–52 mm; stigma well exceeding anthers; pollen ± all fertile or ± 50% sterile (sterile grains small and shriveled at 10×) 24' Petals 7–25(30) mm; stigma ± not exceeding anthers; pollen ± 50% sterile 27' Petals 7–25(30) mm, ± = sepals; generally not near coast 28. Spike dense (internodes in fruit < fruit); longest hairs generally without red blister-like bases; petals 10–25(30) mm; sepals green or ± yellow (± red) ..... O. biennis 28' Spike ± open (internodes in fruit generally > fruit); longest hairs generally with red blister-like bases; petals 7–20 mm; sepals often marked ± red ..... O. villosa subsp. strigosa
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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) . Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ [accessed on ]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on .
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