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Key to PhaceliaView taxon page for Phacelia
(For a list of species in Phacelia, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. Key to Groups
1. Biennial or perennial  Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb from ± woody taproot or branched caudex  Generally short, sometimes woody, more or less vertical stem of a perennial, at or beneath ground level. ..... Group 1 1' Annual from slender taproot (some key in both of the following groups) 2. Most cauline leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). blades deeply lobed to compound (some sinuses reaching midrib) ..... Group 2 2' Most cauline leaf blades entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). to shallowly lobed (proximal-most sometimes deeply few-lobed at base, but sinuses generally not reaching midrib) ..... Group 3
Group 1: Biennial or perennial herb from ± woody taproot or branched caudex
1. Seeds 3–200; calyx lobes  1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. generally ± alike 2. Leaf blade  Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. 5–25 mm, ± round; stamens included  Not protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens included in corolla). ; style cleft < 1/4; n W&I, n&e DMoj ..... P. perityloides 3. Corolla 12–15 mm; pedicels  Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. in fruit 10–30 mm, reflexed  Abruptly bent or curved downward or backward. ; fruit 2–2.5 mm ..... var. jaegeri 3' Corolla 10–12 mm; pedicels in fruit 5–15 mm, ascending  Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. to spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. ; fruit ± 4 mm ..... var. perityloides 2' Leaf blade 15–120 mm, lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. or oblong  Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. to widely ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. ; stamens exserted  Protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens exserted from corolla). ; style cleft 1/3–3/4; NW, CaRH, SNH, MP 4' Corolla deciduous; nectary gland 0; seed pits not in longitudinal rows 5' Inflorescence panicle-like, generally ± open proximally; stamens hairy; plants generally > 30 cm 6. Plant erect  Upright; vertically oriented. ; leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). blade attenuate to clasping at base ..... P. procera 6' Plant decumbent  lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. to ascending or suberect; leaf blade truncate  Abruptly (not gradually) narrower or smaller at base or tip, as if cut straight across or nearly so. to subcordate at base 7. Leaf blade obtuse  Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. at tip; corolla pale blue to purple, 10–12 mm, limb 10–20 mm diam, open-bell-shaped to subrotate, lobes spreading; seeds 30–60 ..... P. bolanderi 7' Leaf blade acute  Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. ; corolla cream to apple-green, occasionally lavender tinged, 5–8 mm, limb 7–9 mm diam, bell-shaped, lobes reflexed; seeds 5–12 ..... P. damnationensis 1' Seeds 1–4; calyx lobes ± not alike 8' Leaves mostly basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. , generally simple  Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. (or basal lobed to compound); leaflets entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). or generally 0 9. Basal leaves simple, entire or 2–7-lobed 10' Stem generally not or sparsely glandular; leaves generally silvery to ± white or ± gray or ± green 11. Basal leaves generally ovate to obovate to ± round; coastal dunes, coastal foothills, or coastal mtns, < 1000 m 12. Lobes of basal leaves 0(2); corolla white to cream; coastal dunes, n NCo, < 20 m ..... P. argentea 12' Lobes of basal leaves generally 2–7; corolla blue to purple (white); coastal bluffs, woodland, chaparral, rocky slopes, s NCo, NCoRO, CCo, SnFrB, < 1000 m ..... P. californica (2) 11' Basal leaves generally lanceolate to widely elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear ; inland mtns, 380–4000 m ..... P. hastata 13. Stem decumbent to ascending, 5–20(30) cm; hairs generally spreading; calyx lobes generally glandular ..... var. compacta 13' Stem ascending to ± erect, 20–50 cm; hairs generally ± appressed  Parallel or nearly parallel to and often in contact with surface of origin; used to describe the disposition of hairs, leaves, pedicels, etc. ; calyx lobes generally not glandular ..... var. hastata 9' Basal leaves generally dissected or compound, segments or leaflets 3–15 14' Stem densely stiff-hairy; veins of basal leaves generally prominent 15. Biennial or weak perennial Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb; central stem erect, generally 1 ..... P. heterophylla var. virgata 15' Perennial herb; central stems generally decumbent to ascending, generally > 1 16. Calyx lobes lanceolate to narrowly ovate to obovate, ± overlapping in fruit; corolla narrowly campanulate ..... P. imbricata 17' Segments of basal leaves 7–15; outer calyx lobes narrowly ovate to ovate to obovate, generally glandular 16' Calyx lobes linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. to narrowly ovate or oblanceolate, not overlapping in fruit; corolla campanulate 19. Corolla white to cream, 5–9 mm, limb 4–8 mm diam; stamens 9–14 mm; calyx lobes 8–12 mm in fruit ..... P. egena 19' Corolla blue to purple (white) or green- or yellow-white, 3.5–7 mm, limb 3–6 mm diam; stamens 7–10 mm; calyx lobes 5–8 mm in fruit
Group 2: Annual from slender taproot; most cauline leaf blades deeply lobed to compound (some sinuses reaching midrib)
1. Corollas, or at least some, persistent, withering in fruit, ± enclosing fruit 2. Seeds 1–4; stamens exserted Protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens exserted from corolla). ; corolla blue, purple, or white 3. Stem stiffly erect Upright; vertically oriented. ; leaflet  A leaf-like unit of a compound leaf; distinguished from a leaf by the absence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; lacking lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (leaf 1-compound, with primary leaflets) or compound (leaf 2-compound, with primary and secondary leaflets; 3-compound, with primary, secondary, and tertiary leaflets, etc). tips acute Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. ; inflorescence dense, generally 2–4-branched; fruit glabrous proximally; calyx lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. ± alike ..... P. tanacetifolia 3' Stem decumbent lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. to weakly erect; leaflet tips rounded; inflorescence ± open proximally, dense distally, generally unbranched; fruit ± puberulent  Minutely hairy. proximally; calyx lobes not alike ..... P. umbrosa 2' Seeds 5–30; stamens included Not protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens included in corolla). ; corolla generally yellow (lobes occasionally ± purple in Phacelia adenophora; ± white in Phacelia tetramera) 4. Corolla puberulent inside; stamens puberulent 4' Corolla glabrous inside; stamens glabrous 6' Seeds cross-furrowed, furrows 5–9; plants 2–15 cm 1' Corollas generally deciduous in fruit 9. Corolla generally 2–6 mm, tubular- or bell-shaped; stamens, styles ± 1–4 mm 10. Glands on distal stem, inflorescence axis, pedicels Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. dark 11. Inflorescence axis generally exceeding leaves; seeds 15–30, cross-furrows 5–8; s SCoRI, TR, PR, W&I, D ..... P. affinis 10' Glands on distal stem, inflorescence axis, pedicels 0 or not dark 12. Pedicels straight; calyx lobes generally linear Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. to oblong Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. ; seeds cross-furrowed; D ..... P. ivesiana 12' Pedicels curved; calyx lobes oblanceolate or obovate to spoon-shaped; seeds pitted; SCo ..... P. stellaris 9' Corolla 5–20 mm, rotate  Wheel-shaped, spreading, or saucer-shaped; often applied to a fused corolla with a short or nonexistent tube and a spreading limb. to funnel- or bell-shaped; stamens 3–9 mm, styles 2–8 mm 14. Inflorescence axis generally not exceeding leaves; proximal leaves 1–2-compound; stamens puberulent ..... P. bicolor 14' Inflorescence axis generally exceeding leaves; proximal leaves deeply lobed to 1-compound; stamens glabrous 15' Stem decumbent to erect, 5–30 cm; corolla lobes blue or pink or violet; seed 1–1.5 mm ..... P. fremontii 16. Stem generally erect, 30–120 cm, 0–few-branched distal to base; leaves densely glandular – s ChI (except Santa Barbara Island) ..... P. lyonii 16' Stem spreading Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. to decumbent, ascending Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. , or erect, 2–40 cm, generally branched at base; leaves not densely glandular 17. Fruit 6–9 mm, obovoid, ± compressed  Flattened side-to-side or front-to-back. proximally ..... P. insularis 17' Fruit 4–7 mm, ovoid, ± swollen proximally 8' Seeds 1–6 (1–12 in Phacelia malvifolia) 20. Simple leaves present, especially distally, entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). or toothed 21. Leaf blade Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. ± deltate  More or less equilaterally triangular, with the corners rounded or not. to ± round; corolla cream-white ..... P. malvifolia 21' Leaf blade linear to ovate Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. or oblanceolate; corolla ± blue to lavender 22' Calyx lobes in flower 2–3 mm, ± alike in fruit; stamens 4–5 mm; mtns west of GV ..... P. breweri 20' Simple leaves present or not, distally or not, generally toothed to lobed 23. Calyx lobes generally 3–5-pinnately lobed – s ChI (San Clemente, Santa Barbara islands) ..... P. floribunda 23' Calyx lobes entire to crenate  Pertaining to margins with shallow, rounded teeth, between which are usually acute sinuses (i.e., scalloped) 24. Calyx lobes puberulent abaxially, margin stiff-ciliate, midrib and ± 2° veins raised 25. Calyx lobes 4–6 mm, 6–10 mm in fruit; corolla 8–10 mm; stamens 8–12 mm; style 6–8 mm; w CA-FP, c&s SN, Teh, GV ..... P. ciliata 25' Calyx lobes 3–4 mm, 5–7 mm in fruit; corolla 3–4 mm; stamens 1–3 mm; style ± 2 mm; e CaR, MP ..... P. thermalis 24' Calyx lobes generally short- to long-hairy abaxially, margin ciliate  Having generally straight, conspicuous hairs along margins or edges. but not stiffly so, midrib only raised 26. Calyx lobes ± not alike, especially in fruit; seeds 1–2(4) 27. Calyx lobes entire to crenate; corolla pale blue to pale lavender; seeds generally 1 ..... P. platyloba 27' Calyx lobes generally entire; corolla blue or white, throat marked with dark lavender spots opposite  1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. corolla scales, spots 0 if corolla white; seeds generally 1–2(4) ..... P. distans 26' Calyx lobes ± alike; seeds generally 2–4 28' Stamens, style exserted; stamens 4–15 mm; style 5–15 mm 29. Seed adaxially not clearly ridged and grooved; glandular hairs of inflorescence sparse 30. Calyx lobes ± straight, ± enclosing fruit, in contact with fruit at base and distally ..... P. hubbyi 30' Calyx lobes ± curved, forming loose basket around fruit, in contact with fruit only at base 29' Seed adaxially with central ridge separating 2 longitudinal grooves; glandular hairs of inflorescence dense 33' Pedicels stout, < 5 mm in fr 35' Corolla >= 4.5 mm, tube white at least at base, throat, lobes purple; stamens, style exserted >= 3.5 mm 36. Stem glandular distally; corolla 5–10 mm; stamens unequal, style exserted >= 9 mm; seed margin entire ..... var. ambigua 36' Stem generally glandular throughout; corolla 4.5–7 mm; stamens equal, style exserted 3.5–11 mm; seed margin corrugated ..... var. crenulata
Group 3: Annual from slender taproot; most cauline leaf blades entire to shallowly lobed (proximal-most sometimes deeply few-lobed at base, but sinuses generally not reaching midrib)
1. Corollas, or at least some, persistent, withering in fruit, ± enclosing fruit 2. Seeds 1–4; stamens 3–7 mm, exserted Protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens exserted from corolla). ; SN 3. Fruit ± spheric, not compressed Flattened side-to-side or front-to-back. ; calyx lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. 4–7 mm in fruit; seeds 2–4; leaves simple Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. , lobes 0 ..... P. quickii 3' Fruit ellipsoid to ovoid, ± compressed; calyx lobes 3–4 mm in fruit; seeds 1–2; leaves generally simple, lobes 0–6 2' Seeds generally 5–50; stamens 1–5 mm, included Not protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens included in corolla). ; SNE, n DMoj 5' Seeds 5–25, cross-furrowed; calyx lobes generally alike 6' Corolla glabrous inside; stamens glabrous 1' Corolla deciduous in fruit 9. Cauline leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). blade Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. generally as long as wide; leaves, stems, and calyx lobes long-stiff-hairy, hairs bulb-based 9' Cauline leaf blade generally longer than wide; leaves, stems, and calyx lobes not long-stiff-hairy, hairs not bulb-based 11. Leaf crenate Pertaining to margins with shallow, rounded teeth, between which are usually acute sinuses (i.e., scalloped) to lobed, lobes generally crenate or ± toothed; seed adaxially with central ridge separating 2 longitudinal grooves 12. Corolla 3–7 mm; stamens, style 2–5 mm 13. Corolla 5–7 mm, widely bell-shaped; stamens, style 3–5 mm; seeds 2.5–3.5 mm; fruit ovoid ..... P. anelsonii 13' Corolla 3–5 mm, bell-shaped; stamens, style 2–3 mm; seeds 2–3 mm; fruit spheric ..... P. coerulea 14' Corolla >= 4.5 mm; stamens, style exserted >= 3.5 mm 15. Stem glandular distally; corolla 5–10 mm; stamens unequal; style exserted >= 9 mm; seed margin entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). ..... var. ambigua 15' Stem generally glandular throughout; corolla 4.5–7 mm; stamens equal; style exserted 3.5–11 mm; seed margin corrugated ..... var. crenulata 11' Leaf entire or lobed, lobes generally entire or few-toothed; seed adaxially not ridged and grooved 18' Corolla widely bell-shaped or rotate Wheel-shaped, spreading, or saucer-shaped; often applied to a fused corolla with a short or nonexistent tube and a spreading limb. , 3–6 mm, scales not yellow 19' Stem not wiry; corolla widely bell-shaped, lobes blue to lavender 20' Corolla pale lavender to lavender; fruit not compressed 21' Style cleft generally 1/3–1/2, calyx lobes unequal, not alike, especially in fruit 8' Seeds generally >= 5 (occasionally fewer due to abortion) 23. Leaf blades, especially proximal, generally as wide as long 24. Corolla 7–40 mm; stamens (4)10–45 mm; style (3)8–45 mm 25. Stamen bases with 0 wings 26. Cymes dense; plants 30–200 cm; some basal At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. leaves not deeply lobed; corolla limb 25–40 mm diam ..... P. grandiflora 26' Cymes open; plants 10–100 cm; some basal leaves deeply lobed; corolla limb 10–25 mm diam ..... P. viscida 27. Corolla rotate to bell-shaped, white, limb 10–15 mm diam; style included, 3–10 mm – Santa Barbara, Ventura cos. ..... var. albiflora 27' Corolla rotate, throat white, limb 15–25 mm diam, pale lavender to bright blue; style included or exserted, 5–16 mm ..... var. viscida 25' Stamen bases with 2 wings 28. Stamen base wings hairy; corolla purple (white) throughout or with white spot at base of each lobe 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. 29. Corolla purple (white) throughout, ± bell-shaped with slight constriction at throat, tube length > limb width ..... P. minor 29' Corolla purple with white spot at base of each lobe, shallow-rotate to widely bell-shaped, tube length < limb width ..... P. parryi 28' Stamen base wings glabrous; corolla white or pink to bright blue throughout or with markings at base of sinuses 30. Seeds 10–24; corolla 7–12 mm, white to pale magenta or pale blue, occasionally with diffuse area lacking pigment at base of sinuses ..... P. longipes 30' Seeds >= 40; corolla 6–40 mm, deep to sky blue with white spots at base of sinuses 32' Corolla funnel-shaped  Widening from the base more or less gradually through the throat into an ascending, spreading, or recurved limb; often applied to a fused calyx or corolla. , generally > 25 mm, length >= width; DMoj, n DSon ..... var. vasiformis 24' Corolla 3–12 mm; stamens 2–10 mm; style 1–12 mm 33' Leaves, stems, calyx lobes short-stiff-hairy, hairs not bulb-based; fruit 3–7 mm 34. Seeds not pitted, cross-furrows 4–8; calyx lobes 1.5–3 mm, 2–5 mm in fruit; fruit generally spheric 35' Corolla 4–7 mm; stamens 2–4 mm; style 2–3 mm 34' Seeds pitted, cross-furrows 0; calyx lobes 2–5 mm, 4–9 mm in fruit; fruit ovoid to ± oblong Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. 37. Corolla 6–12 mm; style 3–5 mm 37' Corolla 3–6 mm; style 1–2 mm 39. Leaf blade widely elliptic In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear to obovate, base tapered  Gradually (not abruptly) narrower or smaller at base or tip. , margin entire to ± toothed; calyx lobes not alike ..... P. parishii (2) 39' Leaf blade ± round, base truncate Abruptly (not gradually) narrower or smaller at base or tip, as if cut straight across or nearly so. to ± lobed, margin clearly toothed; calyx lobes generally alike 40' Calyx lobes 4–6 mm in fruit, generally < 1 mm wide; leaf blade dentate  Having margins with sharp, relatively coarse teeth pointing outward, not tipward. to weakly lobed, lobes obtuse Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. ..... P. rotundifolia 23' Leaf blades generally longer than wide 41. Stem prostrate  Lying flat on the ground. to ± ascending Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. ; corolla 1–2 mm; inflorescence axillary  Pertaining to or within an axil, especially a leaf axil. , partly hidden by leaves ..... P. cookei 41' Stem generally ascending to erect Upright; vertically oriented. ; corolla >= 2 mm; inflorescence generally terminal, not hidden by leaves 43' Leaves ± basal, ± abruptly reduced distally on stem; blade entire to ± toothed ..... P. parishii (2) 44. Proximal pedicels Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. > distal (especially in fruit), generally S-shaped or recurved  Gradually curved downward or backward. in fruit 46. Stem generally decumbent lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. to ascending; style 2.5–4 mm; seed 1.5–2 mm; NCo, CCo ..... var. continentis 45' Fruit ovoid, swollen at base; corolla tube white to ± yellow, lobes blue to violet; SN, TR, PR, SNE, DMoj 47' Proximal pedicels 5–25 mm in fruit; fruit 4–7 mm 44' Proximal pedicels generally = distal, generally straight in fruit 49. Leaf linear Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. , oblong, or narrowly (ob)lanceolate, tapered to indistinct petiole  Leaf stalk, connecting leaf blade to stem; sometimes more or less indistinct. 50. Calyx lobes 1–3 mm, 2–8 mm in fruit; corolla 2–6 mm; stamens, style 2–5 mm 50' Calyx lobes 3–5 mm, 5–15 mm in fruit; corolla 5–10 mm; stamens, style 5–14 mm 52' Pedicels generally 2–5 mm in fruit; calyx lobes not alike, especially in fruit; fruit 3–5 mm; s CA 53. Stamens included or ± exserted, subequal, 5–9 mm, filaments generally white; corolla tube base white to lavender, lobes ± spreading Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. , lavender ..... P. exilis 53' Stamens exserted, unequal, 5–14 mm, filaments violet; corolla tube base generally yellow, lobes ± erect, white, aging pale blue ..... P. mohavensis 49' Leaf elliptic or lanceolate Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. to ovate Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. , clearly petioled 54' Seeds pitted, cross-furrows 0 56. Leaf blade toothed to ± lobed; calyx lobes short-hairy, not clearly ciliate Having generally straight, conspicuous hairs along margins or edges. ; corolla tube yellow, lobes lavender to purple 56' Leaf blade entire or few-lobed near base; calyx lobes puberulent to short-hairy, clearly stiff-ciliate; corolla lavender to violet 59. Stamens 7–8 mm; style 5–9 mm 60. Stems short- to long-stiff-hairy, many hairs > 1 mm; corolla generally white; SCoRO, WTR ..... P. grisea 60' Stems puberulent to short-stiff-hairy, hairs generally < 1 mm; corolla lavender to violet; s CaRH, SN, MP ..... P. purpusii 59' Stamens 2–4 mm; style 1–4 mm 61. Calyx lobes 4–6 mm in fruit, cilia < 1 mm; inflorescence open proximally; W&I, ne DMtns (Clark Mtn Range) ..... P. barnebyana 61' Calyx lobes 7–11 mm in fruit, cilia generally > 1 mm; inflorescence dense; s CaR, n&c SN, e SnFrB, SCoRI 62. Corolla white to light lavender, lobes violet-streaked; leaf veins not impressed; fruit not beaked; calyx lobes ± alike; e SnFrB, SCoRI ..... P. phacelioides 62' Corolla tube white to lavender, lobes generally purple; leaf veins impressed; fruit beaked; calyx lobes not alike; e KR, n&c SNF, SNH ..... P. vallicola
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