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Key to SidalceaView taxon page for Sidalcea
(For a list of species in Sidalcea, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1. Annual (weak perennial  Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb); generally flower in spring (occasionally later) 2. Lobes of mid-, upper-stem leaves generally dentate  Having margins with sharp, relatively coarse teeth pointing outward, not tipward. (entire), generally wider than linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. ; stem bristly; fruit segments generally glabrous, occasionally ± pink when fresh; beak 0 3. Upper paired stipules, bracts divided to base into >= 2 linear lobes  1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. >= calyx; middle lobe 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. of upper stem leaves entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). or with middle tooth  1. A small, pointed projection, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals (somewhat archaic usage); smaller than lobes. >> lateral 2; inflorescence, calyx generally not glandular; inflorescence in fruit congested, axis not visible ..... S. diploscypha 3' Upper paired stipules, bracts simple  Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. , linear, undivided (few divided in robust plants), generally < calyx; middle lobe of upper stem leaves with middle tooth ± = lateral 2; inflorescence, calyx generally densely minutely glandular; inflorescence in fruit not congested, axis visible ..... S. keckii 2' Lobes of mid-, upper-stem leaves ± entire, generally linear; stem generally ± glabrous at least below; fruit segment glabrous or sparsely puberulent  Minutely hairy. , ± pink or not when fresh; beak present 4. Outer filaments not fused to tip; fruit segment evenly net-veined on back, deeply pitted especially on top, glabrous to puberulent; calyx generally 8–10 mm ..... S. hartwegii 4' Outer filaments fused ± to tip; fruit segment longitudinally grooved or net-veined on back, generally puberulent (glabrous in Sidalcea calycosa); calyx 4–12 mm 5. Plant generally densely bristly above or stem glabrous in age; bracts linear; fruit segments ± net-veined-pitted, generally puberulent on back; calyx or flower stalk ± densely stellate-puberulent ..... S. hirsuta 5' Plant glabrous or sparsely hairy; bracts wider than linear; fruit segments longitudinally grooved, glabrous on back; calyx or flower stalk sparsely to densely silky-bristly ..... S. calycosa 6. Plant annual, taprooted; bracts 2–6 mm, not silky-hairy, not obscuring calyx; calyx 4–7 mm; petals (9)10–20 mm; NCoRO, CaRF, SNF, n SnFrB ..... subsp. calycosa 6' Plant weak perennial herb, rhizomed; bracts 8–12 mm, silky-hairy, ± obscuring calyx; calyx 6–12 mm; petals 20–25 mm; c&s NCo, n CCo ..... subsp. rhizomata 1' Perennial herb; generally flower in late spring, summer 7. Fruit segment beak 0; bractlets (0)1–3; leaves generally all along stem early to late in season, lobed (unlobed) 8. Bractlets generally 0(1–2); petals generally white; leaves generally evenly shallowly lobed; plants often > 8 dm ..... S. malachroides 8' Bractlets 3; petals pale pink to rose-purple; leaves lobed or not; plants generally < 8 dm 9. Inflorescence ± head  1. A dense, often spheric inflorescence of sessile or subsessile flowers. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a head-like inflorescence is one in which sessile or subsessile inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, are attached in a short dense cluster without an evident axis or branches. ; bracts subtending lower flowers involucre-like; stipules widest at base, much wider than stem; leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). blades ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. , unlobed; n SNF (Nevada Co.) ..... S. stipularis 9' Inflorescence spike  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a spike-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are sessile and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. or raceme  In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. ; bracts subtending lower flowers generally stipule-like; stipules widest above base, occasionally wider than stem; leaf blades ± round or fan-like, lobed or not; NCoR, n CCo, SCoRO, WTR ..... S. hickmanii 10. Lower leaves generally lobed ± to base 10' Lower leaves unlobed, or deeply crenate  Pertaining to margins with shallow, rounded teeth, between which are usually acute sinuses (i.e., scalloped) to lobed < 1/4 to base 12. Bracts lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. , generally 6–10 mm, 2.5–4 mm wide, ± < calyx; bractlets ± <= calyx; upper leaves unlobed or lobed < 1/4 to base; SCoRO, WTR (Santa Barbara Co.), SnBr ..... subsp. parishii 12' Bracts linear, lance-linear, or oblong  Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. , 2–7 mm, 0.5–2 mm wide, < calyx; bractlets < calyx; upper leaves unlobed 13. Plant generally 4–8 dm, ± gray-canescent; calyx densely stellate-puberulent, marginal hairs longest; bractlets 2–7 mm; largest leaves deeply cordate  Heart-shaped; often pertaining to a leaf in which the blade base on both sides of the petiole is rounded and convex. , closely crenate, often > 30 mm wide; inflorescence ± dense – SCoRO ..... subsp. hickmanii 13' Plant generally < 4 dm, ± green, less hairy; calyx moderate- to densely stellate-puberulent, hairs ± equal in length; bractlets 2–5 mm; largest leaves truncate  Abruptly (not gradually) narrower or smaller at base or tip, as if cut straight across or nearly so. to widely wedge-shaped, coarsely crenate, generally < 25 mm wide, wider in robust plants; inflorescence generally ± open 14. Bracts of upper flowers 1, cupped; leaf blades 0.6–1.2 cm, 0.7–2.1 cm wide; upper stem hairs appressed  Parallel or nearly parallel to and often in contact with surface of origin; used to describe the disposition of hairs, leaves, pedicels, etc. , generally 0.2–0.5 mm; stem generally < 30 cm; flowers generally < 10, inflorescence not a spike; calyx 4–5.5 mm; NCoRH (n Lake Co.) ..... subsp. pillsburiensis 14' Bracts of upper flowers generally 2, flat or cupped; leaf blades 1–2.5 cm, 2–4 cm wide; upper stem hairs not appressed, generally 0.5–1.2 mm; stems generally > 30 cm; flowers generally > 10, inflorescence a ± spike in age; calyx 4–7 mm; s NCo, n CCo ..... subsp. viridis 7' Fruit segment beak 1, occasionally minute; bractlets 0; leaves only basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. or on lower stem at least early in season (or not), occasionally rosette-like, basal generally not lobed, leaves above generally deeply lobed (shallowly lobed or unlobed) 15. Plant generally (1)1.5–2(2.5) m; rhizomes <= (0.5)1 cm diam, bristly; stem base hollow, bristly ..... S. gigantea 15' Plant generally < or << 1(1.8) m; rhizomes 0 or generally < to << 1 cm diam; stem base solid (hollow), occasionally bristly 16. Inflorescence dense, not 1-sided; calyces densely overlapped in flower, occasionally in fruit 17. Fruit segments rough at least on outer edges and/or back, net-veined-pitted; inflorescence in fruit ± open and/or interrupted; rhizomes or rooting stems occasionally present (see also Sidalcea malviflora subspecies at 37') 18. Stem base decumbent  lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. to ascending  Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. ; larger petals on bisexual  Both male and female reproductive parts occurring and functional in the same plant or structure (e.g., flower, spikelet, inflorescence). flowers 1–2.5 cm, generally white-veined; fruit generally not overlapped; NCo, CCo 18' Stem erect  Upright; vertically oriented. (decumbent); larger petals in bisexual flowers 0.5–1.5(2.5) cm, white-veined or not; fruit generally overlapped; NW, CaR, SNF, CCo, MP 20' Petals generally not white-veined, 0.5–1.5 cm; stem generally > 4 dm; leaves lobed or not; plant not densely finely bristly; inland, NW, CaR, SNF, MP 21. Inflorescence axis below generally visible between flower clusters; plant with ± elongate caudex  Generally short, sometimes woody, more or less vertical stem of a perennial, at or beneath ground level. ; stems generally not clustered; s SNF ..... S. ranunculacea 21' Inflorescence axis below ± visible or not between equally spaced individual flowers; plant with short caudex; stems clustered; NW, CaR, MP 22' Calyx 5–8 mm, stellate-puberulent and with bristles; inflorescence 3–10 cm ..... S. setosa 17' Fruit segments smooth, generally not net-veined or pitted; inflorescence in fruit generally ± dense, not interrupted; rhizomes or rooting stems present or 0 23. 1° peduncle  Stalk of an individual flower borne singly, not in an inflorescence, or of an entire inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit; the stalk subtending an involucre (e.g., in Asteraceae, Polygonaceae). >> fruit cluster; dense part of inflorescence generally < 5 cm; calyx, generally inflorescence stalk densely stellate-canescent 23' 1° peduncle generally ± <= fruit cluster; dense part of inflorescence generally > 3 cm; calyx, generally inflorescence stalk stellate-puberulent 25' Calyx ± larger in fruit to generally 3.5–7(10) mm; calyx with small stellate  Pertaining to a hair or other structure with three or more branches radiating in two or three dimensions from a common point. hairs, occasionally bristles; NW, CaR, n&c SNH, GB 26. Bracts generally < youngest flower buds  1. An incompletely developed, more or less embryonic shoot, usually covered with bud scales. 2. An unopened flower, often protected by sepals. ; calyx generally 5–8 mm; fruit, especially lower, widely spaced ..... S. oregana subsp. oregana (4) 16' Inflorescence ± open, occasionally 1-sided; calyces generally not densely overlapped except in bud  1. An incompletely developed, more or less embryonic shoot, usually covered with bud scales. 2. An unopened flower, often protected by sepals. 27. Fruit segment generally glabrous, outer edges narrowly winged above; stem erect, glabrous above; inflorescence generally 30–40 cm ..... S. robusta 27' Fruit segment glabrous or puberulent, outer edges not winged; stem erect, decumbent, or ascending, hairy to glabrous above; inflorescence generally < to << 40 cm 28. Fruit segment smooth, not net-veined or pitted, glabrous; inflorescence generally > 15-flowered 29. Basal leaves 0 or deeply crenate or shallowly lobed; stem with > 3 leaves, generally branched, not scapose  Pertaining to a plant or an inflorescence in which a relatively long peduncle (scape) arises, sometimes with leaf- or scale-like bracts but without true foliage leaves, from a rosette or other arrangement of leaves at ground level. ; inflorescence ± elongated in fruit; NW, CaR, MP ..... S. oregana subsp. oregana (4) 29' Basal leaves deeply dissected; stem with 1–3 leaves, generally unbranched, ± scapose; inflorescence much elongated in fruit; SnBr ..... S. pedata 28' Fruit segment generally finely or coarsely net-veined or pitted, glandular-puberulent or glabrous; inflorescence < 15-flowered or not 30. Roots fleshy; rhizome  1. In seed plants, stem that is often elongate, more or less horizontal, usually underground; distinguished from roots by bearing of leaves, leaf scars, axillary buds, etc. 2. In ferns, stem that is located underground, embedded in leaf litter, on rocks or in rock crevices, or on trees or tree branches, often scaly or hairy; distinguished from roots by bearing of fronds (roots rarely bear fronds), and their greater diameter. 0, caudex 0; stems generally many; plants of alkaline flats, seeps 31. Leaves generally basal, glaucous, generally deeply 7-lobed, lobes linear; calyx stellate-puberulent; SNE (Inyo Co.) ..... S. covillei 31' Leaves basal, cauline, not glaucous, crenate to shallowly 5(7)-lobed, lobes wider than linear; calyx stellate-puberulent and with swollen-based bristles; SW, sw DMoj ..... S. neomexicana 30' Roots not fleshy; rhizome 0 or present, caudex 0 or present; stems many or not; plants generally not of alkaline flats, seeps 32' Flowers generally < 15, inflorescence generally unbranched; petals (5)10–35 mm; rhizomes present or 0; stems erect or ascending to ± prostrate  Lying flat on the ground. 33. Plant glaucous; rhizomes 0; inflorescence ± 1-sided 34. Stem generally decumbent-ascending; leaves mostly cauline, generally 5(7)-lobed, lobes entire to shallowly dentate; KR, CaRH, n&c SNH, ..... S. glaucescens 34' Stem generally ascending to erect; leaves mostly basal, generally 7(9)-lobed, lobes generally deeply dentate or ternate; SNH, SNE ..... S. multifida 33' Plant ± glaucous or not; rhizomes present or 0; inflorescence 1-sided or not 35. Stem long-prostrate, free-rooting, base with bristly hairs 2–3 mm, stellate hairs 0 (glabrous); leaf hairs simple; fruit segments densely bristly-stellate-puberulent on back, top, and/or beak ..... S. reptans 35' Stem generally erect to ascending, occasionally prostrate to decumbent and rooting, hairs on stem base < 3 mm, simple, stellate, or mixed; leaf hairs stellate or not; fruit segments generally not densely hairy on back, top, and/or beak 36. Leaves generally basal, much reduced above, occasionally plant ± scapose; flowers > 10; inflorescence elongate, generally to 30–40 cm in fruit; fruit generally weakly net-veined-roughened ..... S. sparsifolia 36' Leaves generally cauline (generally basal in Sidalcea asprella subsp. nana, Sidalcea elegans), ± reduced above (or not), plant not scapose; flowers < or > 10; inflorescence elongate or not, generally < 30 cm in fruit; fruit generally strongly net-veined-roughened, -pitted, or honeycombed 37. Calyx generally stellate-puberulent, generally not bristly; inflorescence occasionally 1-sided; plant occasionally ± glaucous; leaves lobed; generally inland, mtns; often serpentine 38. Rhizomes generally present, > 10 cm, generally < 4 mm diam; flowers generally < 10(20); stem occasionally prostrate at base, inflorescence ascending 38' Rhizomes 0 or < 10 cm, generally > 4 mm diam; flowers generally > (8)10; stem, inflorescence generally erect 40. Rhizomes 0; stem generally erect, free-standing, base with bristles (or stellate hairs); leaves generally crenate to lobed, not alike in shape, lobes of upper ± entire; n NCoRI (Shasta, Tehama cos.), n ScV ..... S. celata 40' Rhizomes < 10(30) cm; stem often weak, on other pls, base with stellate hairs, without bristles; leaves ± lobed, ± alike in shape, lobes of upper generally toothed; NW, CaR, n&c SNH ..... S. asprella subsp. asprella 37' Calyx generally both stellate-puberulent and bristly, if bristles 0 some stellate hairs larger than others; inflorescence 1-sided or not; plant not glaucous; leaves lobed or not; generally coastal (to inland in SW), generally not serpentine ..... S. malviflora subspecies (in part) 41' Lobes of mid-stem leaves 0 or not ternate with linear segments; stem base rooting or not 42. Stem base hairs generally ± 2 mm, not stellate; fruit segment weakly net-veined; rhizome generally > 10 cm, slender, free-rooting; stem leaves lobed; calyx sparsely stellate-puberulent, bristly; inflorescence generally open; SnBr ..... subsp. dolosa 42' Stem base hairs < 2 mm, stellate and not; fruit segment strongly net-veined-pitted; rhizome < 10 cm, not slender, free-rooting or not; stem leaves lobed or not; calyx generally densely stellate-puberulent or not, bristly or not; inflorescence open or dense; not SnBr 43. Basal leaf blade  Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. generally < 2(2.5) cm; upper leaves generally unlobed; stem base, stipules, calyx generally ± purple; flower stalk generally hair-like; coastal, c&s NCo, n CCo ..... subsp. purpurea 43' Basal leaf blade generally > 2 cm; upper leaves lobed or unlobed; stem base, stipules, calyx generally not ± purple; flower stalk stouter than hair-like; coastal or not, including c&s NCo, n CCo, or not 44. Plant stellate-canescent; upper leaves generally deeply 7-lobed; calyx densely stellate-puberulent; flowers generally not dense; petals of bisexual flowers ± 25–35 mm; s SCoRO, WTR ..... subsp. californica 44' Plant generally densely coarsely stellate-hairy or densely finely bristly; upper leaves unlobed to deeply 7–9-lobed; calyx generally sparsely bristly; flowers occasionally dense, less so in age; petals of bisexual flowers often < 20 mm; c&s NCo, NCoRO, CCo, SnFrB, SCo, n ChI 45' Mid, upper leaves unlobed; plant finely bristly; c&s NCo (Sonoma, s Mendocino cos.), n CCo (Marin, San Mateo cos.) ..... subsp. rostrata (3)
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