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Key to ClaytoniaView taxon page for Claytonia
(For a list of species in Claytonia, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 2. Plant from thick, taprooted caudex  Generally short, sometimes woody, more or less vertical stem of a perennial, at or beneath ground level. or spheric tuberous root 3. Basal leaves many, from caudex; cauline leaves linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. to narrowly oblanceolate; alpine; n&c SNH, Wrn ..... C. megarhiza 3' Basal leaves 0 to few, from oblong  Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. to spheric tuberous root; cauline leaves ± linear to ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. or widely elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear ; montane to alpine; widespread, not include SNH, including Wrn 4. Cauline leaves generally ± sessile  Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. , ± linear to ovate ..... C. lanceolata 2' Plant from rhizomes, caudex generally 0 or short, taproot 0 or slender 5. Rhizome short, not branched, without bulb-like winter buds  1. An incompletely developed, more or less embryonic shoot, usually covered with bud scales. 2. An unopened flower, often protected by sepals. ; petals ± = to >> sepals ..... C. sibirica (2) 5' Rhizome long, generally branched, often with bulb-like winter buds; petals >> sepals 6. Plant < 15 cm; rhizomes fleshy, pale, bulb-like buds 0; bract  Reduced, leaf- or scale-like structure subtending a branch, cone scale, peduncle, pedicel, or flower. 1, below lowest flower; petals ± pink ..... C. nevadensis 6' Plant 15–60 cm; rhizomes slender, often ± brown, bulb-like buds at nodes  Position on a stem from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. ; bracts 0 or 1 below each flower; petals generally white 7. Bracts 0; basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). blade  Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. widely ovate, base truncate  Abruptly (not gradually) narrower or smaller at base or tip, as if cut straight across or nearly so. to cordate  Heart-shaped; often pertaining to a leaf in which the blade base on both sides of the petiole is rounded and convex. , petiole  Leaf stalk, connecting leaf blade to stem; sometimes more or less indistinct. distinct, linear; cauline leaves widely ovate, sessile ..... C. cordifolia 7' Bracts 1 below each flower; basal leaf blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, base tapered  Gradually (not abruptly) narrower or smaller at base or tip. , petiole ± indistinct, linear; cauline leaves oblanceolate to widely elliptic, sessile or tapered to winged petiole ..... C. palustris 1' Annual (rarely perennial  Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb in Claytonia rubra subsp. rubra) 8. Bracts 1 per 1–4 flowers; petals 4–12 mm; leaf blades oblanceolate to ovate, if ± linear, some leaf bases bulb-like 9. Flowers generally 1–2 per bract; cauline leaves lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. to ovate, free; petals 6–12 mm; stigmas maturing after anthers (cross-pollinated); NW, CaRH, SnFrB ..... C. sibirica (2) 9' Flowers often 2–4 per bract; cauline leaves widely ovate to ± round, free or fused < 5 mm on 1 side; petals 4–5 mm; stigmas maturing ± with anthers (self-pollinated); NCo ..... C. washingtoniana 8' Bract generally 1, below lowest flower; petals 1–8 mm; leaf blades linear elliptic, oblanceolate, diamond-shaped, deltate  More or less equilaterally triangular, with the corners rounded or not. , or reniform  Kidney-shaped; often pertaining to a leaf in which the blade base on both sides of the petiole is rounded and concave. , leaf bases not bulb-like 10. Seeds dull black, ± tubercled, appendage ± brown, fleshy or shrunken, filling notch or not 11. Basal leaves ± prostrate  Lying flat on the ground. ; plant cushion-shaped, < 6 cm wide, generally not glaucous; cauline leaves ovate, free; petals 5–8 mm, ± pink; seed appendage filling notch ..... C. saxosa 11' Basal leaves decumbent  lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. to erect  Upright; vertically oriented. ; plant open or tufted, often > 6 cm wide, generally glaucous; cauline leaves linear if free; petals 1–8 mm, pink or white; seed appendage not filling notch 12. Petals 5–8 mm; stigmas maturing after anthers (cross-pollinated); inflorescence 3–30-flowered, long-stalked above cauline leaves ..... C. gypsophiloides 12' Petals 2–5 mm; stigmas maturing ± with anthers (self-pollinated); inflorescence 3–15-flowered, sessile to long-stalked above cauline leaves ..... C. exigua 10' Seeds shiny black, smooth, appendage white, fleshy, filling notch or ± exserted  Protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens exserted from corolla). from it 14. Basal leaf blades > 3 × longer than wide, base tapered gradually to petiole; petals 1–6 mm ..... C. parviflora 15. Petals 4–6 mm; stigmas maturing after anthers (cross-pollinated); cauline leaves fused into ± disk (or ± fused on 1 side) – SNF, Teh ..... subsp. grandiflora 15' Petals < 4(6) mm; stigmas maturing ± with anthers (self-pollinated); cauline leaves fused into ± disk or free (or ± fused on 1 side) 16' Cauline leaves fused into ± disk 14' Basal leaf blades < 3 × longer than wide, base cordate to tapered abruptly to petiole; petals generally < 5 mm 18. Basal leaves generally many, prostrate to spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. , smaller inward; cauline fused or ± free on 1 side; petals 2–3.5 mm ..... C. rubra 19. Basal leaves elliptic to obovate, base wedge-shaped; petioles Leaf stalk, connecting leaf blade to stem; sometimes more or less indistinct. but not whole plant often red ..... subsp. depressa 19' Basal leaves diamond-shaped to deltate, base ± truncate; petioles or whole plant often red ..... subsp. rubra 18' Basal leaves few to many, spreading to erect, ± equal; cauline leaves fused; petals 2–6 mm ..... C. perfoliata 20' Basal leaf tips obtuse  Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. to acute  Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. ; cauline leaf disk angles generally 0 or ± obtuse 21. Basal leaves elliptic to round-deltate (diamond-shaped); shrubland, woodland, rock crevices, alluvial fans, boulder fields ..... subsp. intermontana
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