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Key to RumexView taxon page for Rumex
(For a list of species in Rumex, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1. Flowers unisexual, on different plants (some flowers bisexual); leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). blade  Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. hastate  Arrowhead-shaped, with two basal lobes oriented more or less perpendicularly to the long axis. or sagittate  Arrowhead-shaped, with two basal lobes oriented nearly parallel to the long axis. or base tapered  Gradually (not abruptly) narrower or smaller at base or tip. ; pedicels  Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. generally jointed 2. Pedicels jointed distally; inner perianth lobes  1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. generally 1.2–1.7(2) mm, ± = fruit; leaf blade widely tapered or generally hastate or sagittate; from a creeping rhizome  1. In seed plants, stem that is often elongate, more or less horizontal, usually underground; distinguished from roots by bearing of leaves, leaf scars, axillary buds, etc. 2. In ferns, stem that is located underground, embedded in leaf litter, on rocks or in rock crevices, or on trees or tree branches, often scaly or hairy; distinguished from roots by bearing of fronds (roots rarely bear fronds), and their greater diameter. and/or vertical taproot; CA-FP, GB ..... R. acetosella 2' Pedicels jointed near middle or proximally; inner perianth lobes 2.8–3.8 mm, > fruit; leaf blade base tapered; from a vertical taproot and densely tufted underground stolons; CaRH, SNH, MP, W&I ..... R. paucifolius 1' Flowers generally bisexual  Both male and female reproductive parts occurring and functional in the same plant or structure (e.g., flower, spikelet, inflorescence). , sometimes also unisexual in 1 inflorescence; leaf blades not hastate or sagittate; pedicels jointed or not 3. Leaves cauline; stems decumbent  lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. to erect  Upright; vertically oriented. , generally with leafy axillary  Pertaining to or within an axil, especially a leaf axil. shoots below terminal inflorescence; leaf blade base tapered to ± rounded; inner perianth margins generally entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). (irregularly minutely notched, toothed) 4' Inner perianth lobes generally < 15 mm wide; MP, elsewhere 5. Perianth tubercles generally 0 6. Inner perianth lobe 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. margin generally minute-toothed; inflorescence ± open; stems ascending  Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. (decumbent or ± erect); California (especially mtns, coast) ..... R. californicus 6' Inner perianth lobe margin generally entire; inflorescence dense; stems ascending or generally erect; c&s SNH, expected elsewhere ..... R. utahensis 5' Perianth tubercles >= 1 7. Perianth tubercle width < 1/3 inner lobe, if tubercle 1 then width >= 1/2 lobe 8. Plant terrestrial, submersed, or floating; taproot vertical or creeping; inner perianth lobes 2–2.5(3) mm, 1–1.5(2) mm wide, generally ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. or elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear ; leaf lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. to lance-ovate, generally 3.5–5 × longer than wide; GB ..... R. lacustris 8' Plant terrestrial; taproot vertical; inner perianth lobes (2)2.5–3.5(4) mm, (2)2.5–3(3.5) mm wide, widely triangular; leaf linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. to lanceolate, generally 5–6 × longer than wide; CaRH, SN, ScV (Sutter Buttes), SnGb, GB ..... R. triangulivalvis 7' Perianth tubercle nearly as wide as inner lobe on at least 1 lobe 9. Leaf blade thick, leathery, lance-ovate to -elliptic or ovate-elliptic, <= 3.5 × as long as wide; inner perianth lobes (3)4–5 mm, (2.5)3–4 mm wide; perianth tubercle 1 ..... R. crassus 9' Leaf blade thick or generally thin, occasionally ± leathery, linear to lanceolate, generally > 3.5 × as long as wide; inner perianth lobes generally 2–4 mm, generally 1.5–3 mm wide; perianth tubercles 1 or 3 3' Leaves basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. and cauline (basal often withered when fruit mature); stem generally ± erect, generally unbranched below inflorescence; leaf blade base tapered to cordate  Heart-shaped; often pertaining to a leaf in which the blade base on both sides of the petiole is rounded and convex. ; inner perianth margins entire or variously dentate  Having margins with sharp, relatively coarse teeth pointing outward, not tipward. 11. Perianth tubercles 0 or inconspicuous 11' Perianth tubercles 1–3, conspicuous 13. Inner perianth lobe margin generally entire (if toothed or notched, teeth or notches < 0.3 mm) 14. Inner perianth lobe 2–3.5(4) mm, tubercle >= 1/3 its width; inflorescence ± open 14' Inner perianth lobe 3.5–7(7.5) mm, tubercle generally << 1/3 its width; inflorescence generally dense 16. Leaf blade 20–55(70) cm, margins flat to ± wavy; inner perianth lobe 4–7(7.5) mm; pedicel Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. 5–13 mm, joint ±0; stem 8–15(20) dm ..... R. britannica 16' Leaf blade 15–30(35) cm, margin strongly wavy; inner perianth lobe 3.5–6 mm; pedicel (3)4–8 mm, joint swollen; stem 4–10(15) dm ..... R. crispus 13' Inner perianth lobe margin variously dentate, at least some teeth >= 0.3 mm 18' Inner perianth lobe generally 1.5–3.5 mm, teeth 0.5–4 mm 19. Widest inner perianth lobe narrow-triangular or -kite-shaped, teeth 1–3 mm; inflorescence dense, bracts leaf-like 20. Perianth tubercle straw-colored, oblong-ovate, nearly as wide as inner lobe, tip obtuse  Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. ; inner perianth lobe teeth ± = width of lobe ..... R. persicarioides 20' Perianth tubercle ± brown or ± red, lance-linear to fusiform  Elongate, widest at the middle, tapered to both ends. , <= 1/2 width of inner lobe, tip ± acute  Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. ; inner perianth lobe teeth generally 1.5–2.5(4) × width of lobe ..... R. fueginus 19' Widest inner perianth lobe widely ovate-triangular to ± deltate  More or less equilaterally triangular, with the corners rounded or not. , teeth <= 0.5 mm; inflorescence ± open, bracts ± not leaf-like ..... R. violascens (2) 21. Leaf blade 20–40 cm, widely ovate to oblong  Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. , base generally cordate; inner perianth lobe triangular to narrowly ovate-triangular ..... R. obtusifolius 21' Leaf blade 4–25(30) cm, generally oblong to lanceolate, base generally truncate  Abruptly (not gradually) narrower or smaller at base or tip, as if cut straight across or nearly so. or tapered; inner perianth lobe widely ovate-triangular to round-cordate 22. Inflorescence branches spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. ; teeth of inner perianth lobe not wider at base, 0.3–2.5 mm ..... R. pulcher 22' Inflorescence branches ascending; teeth of inner perianth lobe wider at base, 0.2–1.5 mm 23. Inner perianth lobe 6–8(9) mm, round, base generally cordate, teeth 0.2–0.5 mm, each much wider at base ..... R. kerneri 23' Inner perianth lobe 3.5–5 mm, round- to triangular-ovate, base truncate or ± cordate, teeth 0.2–1.5 mm, each ± wider at base ..... R. stenophyllus
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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) . Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ [accessed on ]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on .
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