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Key to ErythrantheView taxon page for Erythranthe
(For a list of species in Erythranthe, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1. Corolla light pink to purplish or orange to red – tube-throat > 2 cm; perennial Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb 2. Corolla orange to red; anthers, stigma exserted Protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens exserted from corolla). ..... E. cardinalis 2' Corolla light pink to rose or purplish; anthers, stigma included Not protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens included in corolla). 1' Corolla color various, including yellow; generally annual, if perennial herb, corolla yellow 4. Calyx uppermost lobe 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. longest, lowest 2 generally upcurved; corolla yellow, lower lip base generally swollen, ± closing mouth (except sometimes in E. arvensis) 5' Bracts or leaves subtending flowers not a round disk, petioled or only base encircling stem, not glaucous 6. At least some leaves ± pinnately and narrowly lobed or dissected 7. Leaves pinnately to strongly 2-pinnately lobed or dissected with >= 8 primary lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. on each side ..... E. filicifolia 7' Leaves laciniate to 2-pinnately lobed or dissected, with < 7 primary lobes on each side and often with < 3 ..... E. laciniata 6' Leaves not pinnately lobed or dissected, but base occasionally irregularly dissected or lobed 8. Bracts or leaves subtending flowers linear Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. to narrowly ovate Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. or elliptic-lanceolate, not fused at base around stem 9. Cauline leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). blades 5–25(30+) mm, plants glabrous to minutely glandular-puberulent, fruiting calyces 6–15 mm ..... E. nudata 8' Bracts or leaves subtending flowers ovate to cordate Heart-shaped; often pertaining to a leaf in which the blade base on both sides of the petiole is rounded and convex. or round, occasionally fused at base around stem 10. Plants rhizomatous or stoloniferous 11. Rhizomes broader than filiform, generally 1–few, not highly branched and forming a mass 12. Stems (25)50–120(160+) cm, plant densely glandular-puberulent to coarse-hairy distally, corolla tube exserted 10–15 mm beyond calyx ..... E. grandis 12' Stems (6)15–65(80+) cm, plant glabrous to hairy distally, corolla tube exserted 3–5 mm beyond calyx ..... E. guttata 11' Rhizomes filiform, generally branching, forming a mass 13' Flowers 1–3(6+), corolla tube-throat 13–28 mm 14' Leaves ovate to lanceolate Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. , glabrous to sparsely glandular ..... E. tilingii 10' Annuals, plants fibrous-rooted 15. Corolla exserted 4–8 mm from calyx tube, or if exserted < 4 mm then flowers only in axils of distal leaves, not at proximal nodes Position on a stem from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. 16. Stems moderately to densely glandular 17. Corolla tube-throat 11–20 mm; leaf blades 5–17 mm; pedicels Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. 9–17 mm; SCoR ..... E. arenicola 15' Corolla exserted 0–3 mm from calyx tube, flowers in a bracted raceme In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. or in axils of distal and proximal leaves 18' . Stems sparsely glandular, ± glandular-puberulent, or glandular-hairy above nodes 19' Inflorescence with 1–12(20) flowers per stem from distal to proximal nodes 20. Plants ± glabrous, glandular-hairy just above the nodes, sometimes hairy distally; calyx 10–15(19) mm ..... E. nasuta 4' Calyx lobes generally ± equal or lowest 2 longest, not upcurved; corolla yellow or not, lower lip base not swollen, not closing mouth 21. Perennial herb; stolons or rhizomes present 22. Calyx glabrous; stems with compressed Flattened side-to-side or front-to-back. internodes Segment of an axis (generally a stem) between successive positions (nodes) from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. so leaves appear as a basal At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. rosette A radiating cluster of leaves generally at or near ground level. or near-basal 23' Leaves oblong Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. to obovate, generally ± spreading Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. in ± distinct rosettes A radiating cluster of leaves generally at or near ground level. and mat-forming ..... E. primuloides 22' Calyx ± glabrous to hairy; stems with evident internodes, leaves distinctly separated and cauline or basal and cauline 24. Herbage non-glandular; corolla tube funnel-shaped Widening from the base more or less gradually through the throat into an ascending, spreading, or recurved limb; often applied to a fused calyx or corolla. , generally > 4 mm wide ..... E. dentata 24' Herbage glandular; corolla tube ± cylindric Elongate, with parallel sides and, at any point, round in transverse section. to narrowly campanulate, 2–4 mm wide except wider at mouth 25. Plants ± spreading to erect, corolla tube-throat 11–18 mm, anthers glabrous to subglabrous ..... E. moschata 25' Plants lax and diffuse, corolla tube-throat 15–18 mm, anthers finely pubescent ..... E. ptilota 21' Annual; stolons and rhizomes 0 27' Leaf ± pinnately veined; calyx 3–8(9) mm; corolla yellow 28. Corolla lobe base each with 1 large, red-purple dot, lower lip occasionally with white patches in sinuses; calyx lobes rounded; pedicel Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. in fruit growing away from light ..... E. norrisii 28' Corolla lobe bases without large blotches and white patches on lower lip; calyx lobes ± acute Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. ; pedicel in fruit not growing away from light 29' Corolla tube-throat 9–14 mm, limb 4–18 mm wide 30. Cauline leaves sessile Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. to subsessile, blades elliptic In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear to lance-elliptic, generally rounded to attenuate at base ..... E. arenaria 30' Cauline leaves distinctly petiolate, blades ± ovate to triangular, rounded to cordate at base ..... E. geniculata 26' Calyx tube glabrous to puberulent Minutely hairy. 31. Calyx very swollen in fruit, membranous; corolla lavender, rose to ± white, or yellow 32. Distal leaves petioled; corolla generally yellow 33' Corolla tube-throat 7–13 mm 34. Corolla lobes yellow, petioles Leaf stalk, connecting leaf blade to stem; sometimes more or less indistinct. 0 or 1–2 mm ..... E. pulsiferae 34' Corolla lobes pale yellow, light purplish or white, with distinct pink borders; petioles 4–8 mm ..... E. trinitiensis 32' Distal leaves sessile; corolla lavender, pink to ± white, or yellow 35' Basal leaves in rosette; corolla pink to lavender or white (± yellow) 36. Corolla lobes entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). or very shallowly notched; vernally wet depressions ..... E. latidens 36' Corolla lobes distinctly notched; drained upland areas 31' Calyx ± enlarged in fruit, ± corky or membranous; corolla maroon, purple, pink, lavender, yellow, or partly white 38' Lower calyx lobes ± = upper 39' Calyx glabrous to puberulent not appearing waxy-white and without non-glandular minute papillae 40' Fruit included in calyx, calyx 2–12 mm 41. Fruiting calyx strongly angled, becoming corky, calyx teeth spreading 42. Corolla yellow with white upper lip (bicolored) or completely yellow with yellow upper lip ..... E. bicolor 42' Corollas pink to purple 41' Fruiting calyx not strongly angled, membranous not corky, calyx teeth erect to spreading 44. Corolla bicolored, upper lip maroon, lower lip yellow 45. Upper corolla lip with two maroon lobes, lower lip with three yellow lobes; leaves linear to oblanceolate, margins not rolled under, leaf bases tapered Gradually (not abruptly) narrower or smaller at base or tip. ..... E. barbata (2) 45' Upper corolla lip with four maroon lobes, lower lip yellow, 2-lobed; leaves lanceolate to ovate, margins rolled under, leaf bases clasping ..... E. shevockii 44' Corolla yellow, white, pink, or purple, not bicolored, upper and lower lip ± the same color 46. Calyx lobe margins ciliate Having generally straight, conspicuous hairs along margins or edges. 47' Upper and lower corolla lobes ± equal, flowers deep pink to purple, white or yellow. 48. Fruiting calyces becoming red, minutely glandular, lobe mid-veins prominent 48' Fruiting calyces becoming straw colored, sometimes red spotted, minutely puberulent or glabrous, lobe mid-veins weak 50' Corolla pink to magenta or purple 51. Leaves entire, never toothed; corolla limb deep pink to purple; stamens yellow; SnGb, SnBr ..... E. palmeri 51' Leaves entire or sometimes toothed; corolla limb pale pink to pink; stamens white; SN ..... E. sierrae 46' Calyx lobe margins glabrous 53. Internodes short, sometimes not evident, 1–25 mm, plants generally densely compact 54. Corolla tube-throat (5)7–11 mm, tube distinct, throat abruptly expanding, lower limb bearded, red-spotted ..... E. carsonensis 54' Corolla tube-throat 4–6 mm, tube indistinct from throat, lower limb glabrous, sometimes with red markings ..... E. suksdorfii 53' Internodes elongate, distinct, 5–40 mm, plants not densely compact 55. Corolla tube distinct, cylindric, expanding abruptly to limb, lower limb bearded ..... E. barbata (2) 55' Corolla tube-throat funnelform, expanding gradually to limb, lower limb sparsely bearded to glabrous ..... E. discolor 52' Corolla pink or purple 57' Corolla strongly zygomorphic, tube-throat 5–17 mm, limb 7–11 mm wide 59. Corolla pale pink to rose-colored with a broad yellow throat, corolla width (pressed) 16–25 mm ..... E. rhodopetra 59' Corolla deep pink to purple with two yellow ridges on the lower limb, corolla width (pressed) 6–15 mm 60. Pedicels ascending Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. to spreading, often spreading horizontally with age ..... E. diffusa
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