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Key to MalacothrixView taxon page for Malacothrix
(For a list of species in Malacothrix, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1. Perennial herb (occasionally flowering first year) 2. Cauline leaves ± fleshy; ligules ± yellow; fruit smooth, outer pappus 0; dunes ..... M. incana 2' Cauline leaves generally not fleshy; ligules white; fruit minutely spiny, outer pappus of irregular teeth ..... M. saxatilis 3. Distal leaves generally 1–2-pinnately lobed 4. Stem densely leafy; distal leaves (ob)ovate, 2-pinnately divided into linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. segments ..... var. implicata 4' Stem ± sparsely leafy; distal leaves linear to lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. , sharply and narrowly lobed ..... var. tenuifolia 3' Distal leaves generally entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). (toothed) 5. Distal leaves generally linear to ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. , tip occasionally obtuse  Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. ; coastal bluffs ..... var. saxatilis 5' Distal leaves lance-linear to elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear , generally acute  Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. 7. Plant scapose  Pertaining to a plant or an inflorescence in which a relatively long peduncle (scape) arises, sometimes with leaf- or scale-like bracts but without true foliage leaves, from a rosette or other arrangement of leaves at ground level. , stem unbranched, generally not visible above ground; heads borne singly on long, ± naked peduncles  Stalk of an individual flower borne singly, not in an inflorescence, or of an entire inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit; the stalk subtending an involucre (e.g., in Asteraceae, Polygonaceae). ; outer phyllaries with ± tangled long hairs ..... M. californica 7' Plant with ± leafy stem, or if ± scapose, stem generally evident above ground, branched or not; heads generally borne in clusters; outer phyllaries glabrous, or ± short white-hairy 8. Cauline leaves generally with ear-like basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. lobes  1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. ; involucre  Group of bracts more or less held together as a unit, subtending a flower, fruit (acorn cup), or inflorescence. generally spheric; outermost phyllaries widely ovate to round, margin widely scarious ..... M. coulteri 8' Cauline leaves generally without ear-like basal lobes; involucre generally bell-shaped; outermost phyllaries lanceolate to widely ovate 9. Cauline leaves not or seldom notably reduced distally on stem; ChI 10. Fruit with outer pappus 11. Distal leaves generally oblanceolate, with few, short lobes; involucre 7–8.5 mm; fruit ribs ± equal, extending to tip; outer pappus of minute teeth and 1–2 bristles; Anacapa Island ..... M. junakii 11' Distal leaves narrowly ovate, with 5–10 narrow, ± sharp teeth or lobes; involucre 9–12 mm; 5 fruit ribs prominent, extending ± beyond tip; outer pappus of minute teeth, bristles 0(1); Anacapa, Santa Cruz islands ..... M. squalida 10' Fruit generally without outer pappus 12. Cauline leaves generally fleshy, margins ± equally lobed, tips obtuse; San Miguel, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa islands ..... M. indecora 12' Cauline leaves generally not fleshy, lobes ± equal, generally sharp; Anacapa, San Clemente, San Nicolas, Santa Barbara islands ..... M. foliosa 13. Ligules of outermost flowers exserted  Protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens exserted from corolla). < 5 mm 14. Stem 1–6, generally branched at base and distally; distal-most leaves distally sharply 4–10-lobed, ultimate margins curled; outer phyllaries ± overlapping; Anacapa Island ..... subsp. crispifolia 14' Stem generally 1, branched above base; distal-most leaves generally 2-lobed at base, ultimate margins generally not curled; outer phyllaries ± 1/2 inner phyllaries; San Nicolas Island ..... subsp. polycephala 13' Ligules of outermost flowers exserted generally > 5 mm 15. Stem generally 1, generally erect  Upright; vertically oriented. , branched distally; distal-most leaves generally 2-lobed at base; San Clemente Island ..... subsp. foliosa 15' Stems (1)3–5(10), erect, or decumbent  lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. to ascending  Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. ; distal-most leaves generally pinnately lobed from base to near tip; Santa Barbara Island ..... subsp. philbrickii 9' Cauline leaves generally much reduced distally on stem; widespread, generally mainland habitats ( Malacothrix clevelandii, Malacothrix similis also ChI) 16. Ligules of outermost flowers exserted < 5 mm 17. Proximal cauline leaves ± fleshy, lobes in 3–8 pairs, short, ± equal, generally toothed; fruit outer pappus a rounded-toothed crown, bristles 0 ..... M. phaeocarpa 17' Proximal cauline leaves generally not fleshy, unequally toothed or narrowly lobed; fruit outer pappus of needle-like teeth, bristle generally 1 18. Basal leaves generally obovate in outline; corolla generally 6–8 mm, white or pale yellow; fruit generally 1.7–2.3 mm, ribs 0 near tip ..... M. stebbinsii 18' Basal leaves generally lance-linear to (ob)lanceolate in outline; corolla 4–9 mm, pale yellow to yellow; fruit 1.2–1.8 mm, ribs extending to tip 19. Stem generally branched mostly distally; cauline leaves generally toothed; pollen 70–100% 3-pored; common, widespread ..... M. clevelandii 19' Stem generally branched mostly from base; cauline leaves ± entire; pollen 70–100% 4-pored; uncommon, SCo, n ChI ..... M. similis 16' Ligules of outermost flowers exserted >= 5 mm 20. Ligules generally white (± yellow); fruit 1.2–2 mm; outer pappus 0; not of desert habitats ..... M. floccifera 20' Ligules yellow (white); fruit 1.8–3.3 mm; outer pappus present; often desert-like habitats 21' Leaf lobes short, ± equal, oblong  Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. , or triangular to linear 22. Distal-most leaves generally widest at base; outer pappus a rounded-toothed crown, bristles 0 ..... M. sonchoides 22' Distal-most leaves generally narrowed to strap-like base; outer pappus of irregular teeth, bristles (0)1–6 ..... M. torreyi
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Covered with densely interwoven, generally matted hairs.