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Key to ErigeronView taxon page for Erigeron
(For a list of species in Erigeron, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1. Heads discoid, disciform, or inconspicuously radiate, rays 0 to barely exceeding involucre  Group of bracts more or less held together as a unit, subtending a flower, fruit (acorn cup), or inflorescence. 2. Pistillate flowers present 3. Pistillate flowers of 2 kinds, those in outer zone with rays 3–4.5 mm, those in inner zone without rays ..... E. nivalis (2) 3' Pistillate flowers ± all alike, generally not in 2 zones 4. Heads 1; stem simple  Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. 5' Perennial herb; pappus bristles 12–30 6' Leaves entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). 7' Stem glandless; disk corolla narrowly funnel-shaped  Widening from the base more or less gradually through the throat into an ascending, spreading, or recurved limb; often applied to a fused calyx or corolla. 8. Plant 3–12 cm, from woody taproot or short-branched caudex  Generally short, sometimes woody, more or less vertical stem of a perennial, at or beneath ground level. ; MP ..... E. chrysopsidis var. austiniae 8' Plant 15–40 cm, from taproot and slender-branched, rhizome-like caudex; n&c NCo, n CCo ..... E. supplex (2) 4' Heads 1–many; stem often branched 10. Inflorescence panicle-like, heads many; rays <= 1 mm; involucre glabrous or sparsely strigose  With stiff, straight, sharp, appressed hairs. to minutely bristly; central colored part of middle phyllaries resin-filled, ± red-brown when dry ..... E. canadensis (3) 10' Inflorescence generally raceme-like, heads 1–12; rays 2–3 mm; involucre ± rough-hairy; central colored part of middle phyllaries not resin-filled, not red-brown when dry ..... E. lonchophyllus (2) 11. Central stem and axes of stiffly ascending  Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. branches generally strongly dominant; inflorescence generally raceme- or panicle-like, often many-headed; disk flowers 6–25 12. Central stem often overtopped by distal branches in age; plant ± gray-hairy; heads ± long-peduncled, generally in raceme-like clusters; receptacle (2.5)3–5 mm diam in fruit; pistillate flowers 60–150+; phyllaries generally minutely bristly and/or densely strigose; pappus 3–4+ mm ..... E. bonariensis 12' Central stem generally exceeding distal branches in age; plant green, glabrous to hairy; heads ± short-peduncled in panicle-like clusters; receptacle 1–3 mm diam in fruit; pistillate flowers 20–90+; phyllaries glabrous to densely strigose or densely bristly; pappus 2–3(4) mm 13. Leaf ± long-bristly-ciliate; phyllaries generally glabrous, occasionally sparsely strigose; central colored part of middle phyllaries narrower than light-colored margin, resin-filled, ± red-brown when dry; ray 0.3–1 mm; disk corolla generally 4-lobed; fruit uniformly pale tan to light gray-brown ..... E. canadensis (3) 13' Leaf margin generally ± fine-strigose; phyllaries glabrous to densely strigose or spreading-hairy; central part of middle phyllaries generally wider than lighter margin, not red-brown or resin-filled when dry; ray 0–0.3 mm; disk corolla generally 5-lobed; fruit pale tan, generally some in head  1. A dense, often spheric inflorescence of sessile or subsessile flowers. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a head-like inflorescence is one in which sessile or subsessile inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, are attached in a short dense cluster without an evident axis or branches. with ± red veins ..... E. sumatrensis 11' Central stem and axes of ascending branches not strongly dominant, plant ± openly branched; inflorescence ± cyme-like, often 1–few-headed; disk flowers generally >= 25 14' Annual, biennial or short-lived perennial  Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb; pappus bristles 6–9(12) or 15–20 16. Basal leaves present at flower; cauline leaves generally much-reduced or 0 distally 18. Stem ascending, 15–40 cm, occasionally sparsely spreading-hairy; caudex branches slender, rhizome-like; basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. leaves elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear to oblanceolate to spoon-shaped ..... E. supplex (2) 18' Stem erect  Upright; vertically oriented. , 4–15 cm, ± glabrous to densely strigose; caudex branches short, stout; basal leaves ± linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. ..... E. bloomeri 16' Basal leaves 0 at flower; cauline leaves generally evenly sized and spaced 20. Glandless stem hairs ± spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. 21' Stem hairs sparse to dense, long, ± crinkly-spreading, white 22' Stem 5–30 cm, decumbent  lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. to ascending; leaves 7–25 mm; involucre 7–15 mm diam 24' Herbage densely glandular; glandless hairs generally loose, often crinkly 20' Glandless stem hairs 0–sparse, appressed  Parallel or nearly parallel to and often in contact with surface of origin; used to describe the disposition of hairs, leaves, pedicels, etc. 27. Stem 10–20 cm, decumbent to ascending; proximally ± reflexed-hairy; proximal and middle leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). blades and margins stiffly spreading-hairy and -ciliate; inner phyllaries 5–6.5 mm ..... var. calidipetris 27' Stem 30–90 cm, ascending; proximally ± glabrous or appressed-hairy; proximal and middle leaf blades and margins generally short-strigose or ± glabrous; inner phyllaries 4.5–5.5 mm ..... var. inornatus 26' Phyllaries glandular (sometimes also with sparse, glandless hairs) 28' Herbage glandless; leaf thread-like to oblanceolate 29' Leaf thread-like to linear; stem from stout woody caudex or thin, rhizome-like caudex branches 1' Heads conspicuously radiate, rays exceeding to much-exceeding involucre 32. Pistillate flowers of 2 kinds, those in outer zone with rays 3–4.5 mm, those in inner zone without rays ..... E. nivalis (2) 32' Pistillate flowers all alike, not in 2 zones 34. Inflorescence panicle-like, heads many; rays <= 1 mm; involucre glabrous or sparsely strigose to minutely bristly; central colored part of middle phyllaries resin-filled, ± red-brown when dry ..... E. canadensis (3) 34' Inflorescence generally raceme-like, heads 1–12; rays 2–3 mm; involucre ± rough-hairy; central colored part of middle phyllaries not resin-filled, not red-brown when dry ..... E. lonchophyllus (2) 35. Annual (biennial to short-lived perennial herb) from slender taproot or shallow fibrous  1. Pertaining to structures that are composed at least in part of more or less thread-like but usually tough elements (e.g., Yucca leaves). 2. Pertaining to a root system composed of many roots similar in length and thickness (e.g., grass roots). roots (see also Erigeron philadelphicus var. philadelphus) 36. Ray flower pappus 0; plant fibrous-rooted 37. Leaves generally coarsely toothed; stem hairs sparsely spreading or appressed ..... E. annuus 36' Ray flower pappus present; plant taprooted ( Erigeron flagellaris generally fibrous-rooted) 38' Stem hairs spreading; plant without runners 39' Perennial (but flowering in 1st year); e NCoRI, CaRF, n SNF, ScV (Sutter Buttes), W&I ..... E. incomptus (2) 35' Perennial herb or subshrub from woody taproot, branched caudex, or rhizome  1. In seed plants, stem that is often elongate, more or less horizontal, usually underground; distinguished from roots by bearing of leaves, leaf scars, axillary buds, etc. 2. In ferns, stem that is located underground, embedded in leaf litter, on rocks or in rock crevices, or on trees or tree branches, often scaly or hairy; distinguished from roots by bearing of fronds (roots rarely bear fronds), and their greater diameter. 40. Leaves 1–4-ternately dissected 41. Leaves generally (1)2–3(4)-ternately dissected; ray < 1 mm wide; caudex branches short, thick, ascending ..... E. compositus (2) 41' Leaves deeply 3-lobed at tip; ray 1–2 mm wide; caudex branches thin, rhizome-like ..... E. vagus 40' Leaves entire to shallowly toothed 42. Leaf bases hardened, white-shiny, expanded, enclosing proximal stem 43' Caudex branches slender, rhizome-like, leaf bases not persistent; rays white, pink to blue or lavender 44. Involucre 13–18 mm diam; basal leaves generally 2–5 mm wide; pappus bristles 25–40; phyllary hairs spreading; >= 2100 m; CaRH, n&c SNH ..... E. barbellulatus 44' Involucre 6–11 mm diam; basal leaves generally 0.5–1 mm wide; pappus bristles 20–30; phyllary hairs appressed; 1000–2200 m; MP ..... E. elegantulus 42' Leaf bases ± thin, not hardened, barely or not expanded 45. Fruit ribs 4–8; herbage generally ± silvery, hairs dense, appressed 46' Fruit ribs 4(6); basal leaves generally 0 at flower 45' Fruit ribs generally 2 (if more, herbage not silvery) 48. Phyllaries strongly graduated; leaves entire, not clasping, basal 0, cauline generally evenly sized and spaced 49' Stem generally not glandular 50' Stem hairs 0 to dense, straight, stiffly spreading to ± reflexed or appressed; fruit sparsely strigose 51. Stem hairs dense, stiffly spreading, generally slightly reflexed 52. Herbage hairs 0.5–1 mm; phyllaries densely minutely glandular, inner phyllary tips widely white-thick-margined; stem often from woody basal offsets and roots ..... E. klamathensis 52' Herbage hairs <= 0.1–0.4 mm; phyllaries glandular or glandless, inner phyllary tips green; stem from ± slender, rhizome-like bases ..... E. breweri 53. Phyllaries densely glandular, glandless hairs 0 or very sparse 53' Phyllaries not or barely glandular, glandless hairs prominent 55. Stem 20–30 cm, wiry, brittle; phyllary hairs long, thick-based, stiffly spreading, translucent (also some glandular) ..... var. porphyreticus 55' Stem 30–75 cm, not wiry or brittle; phyllary hairs short, white, ± appressed, glandless 51' Stem hairs ± 0 or sparse, appressed 57' Stem decumbent to erect, from woody taproot 58. Ray flowers 9–13; leaf ciliate  Having generally straight, conspicuous hairs along margins or edges. , hairs thin-based; phyllaries with minute glandless hairs and densely minutely glandular ..... E. serpentinus 58' Ray flowers 15–60; leaf ciliate, hairs thick-based; phyllaries glandular or glandless 59. Phyllaries 0.8–1 mm wide, margins generally widely scarious, minutely but prominently glandular ..... E. foliosus (in part) 60' Phyllary hairs glandular and glandless, ± densely bristly-strigose; leaves generally 2–4 mm wide 61. Leaf blades ± strigose; phyllary midvein raised, orange-resinous; ray corolla 7–10 mm; CCo, SnFrB, n SCoRO, SCo/WTR ..... var. franciscensis 61' Leaf blades ± glabrous (except ciliate hairs); phyllary midvein generally not raised or orange-resinous; ray corolla 10–15 mm; KR, NCoRO ..... var. mendocinus 59' Phyllaries 0.5–0.8 mm wide, margins generally thick to ± scarious, ± glandless to prominently glandular 62. Phyllaries prominently glandular, also with appressed to ± ascending, acute-tipped hairs; wc SCoRO ..... E. conditii 62' Phyllaries ± glandless, glabrous to strigose or densely spreading-hairy 63' Leaves (2.5)4–6(8) cm, often ± oriented to 1 side of stem; inner phyllaries (4)5–6 mm 64. Stem 30–85 cm; axillary  Pertaining to or within an axil, especially a leaf axil. leaf tufts 0; leaves 35–80 mm, 1–2(4) mm wide; inner phyllaries not strongly scarious; ray flowers 26–50 ..... E. foliosus var. hartwegii 64' Stem 15–28 cm; axillary leaf tufts generally present; leaves 25–45 mm, (2)5–8 mm wide; inner phyllary margins strongly scarious; ray flowers 18–22 ..... E. mariposanus 48' Phyllaries generally ± equal; leaves entire to lobed, sometimes clasping, basal sometimes present, cauline often strongly reduced distally on stem, if present 65. Plant fibrous-rooted, generally from obvious rhizome or ± decumbent caudex; cauline leaves often ± clasping; 66. Glandless phyllary hairs with black cross-walls (sometimes only on basal cells of hairs) 66' Glandless phyllary hairs 0 or with clear cross-walls 68' Ray flowers 20–165 (80–300+ in E. glaucus) 69' Leaves ± thin, entire; coastal or inland 70. Glandless phyllary hairs prominent, glandular hairs sometimes present 71' Stem from short, thick, strongly fibrous-rooted rhizome or caudex 72. Stem 2–20(30) cm, hairs spreading; phyllaries ± black-purple; pappus bristles 12–16(20) ..... E. algidus (2) 72' Stem 30–100 cm, hairs appressed; phyllaries ± green; pappus bristles 20–30 ..... E. aliceae (2) 70' Glandless phyllary hairs 0, glandular hairs dense 73' Stem ± appressed-hairy, sometimes also ± bristly; ray flowers 30–105 74. Fruit 2(4)-ribbed, moderately to densely strigose; proximal leaves generally coarsely dentate  Having margins with sharp, relatively coarse teeth pointing outward, not tipward. , sometimes entire ..... E. aliceae (2) 65' Plant taprooted or with taprooted caudex; cauline leaves not at all clasping 76. Stem spreading- or reflexed-hairy 77. Leaf clearly petioled, blade  Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. oblanceolate, elliptic, obovate to spoon-shaped 78' Basal leaves 20–70 mm; cauline leaves gradually or much reduced; stem 1.5–30 cm; ray flowers (30)50–150, ray 5–13 mm 79. Head 1; involucre 5–8 mm; cauline leaves strigose to ± bristly, sometimes sparsely glandular; pappus bristles 12–16(20); SNH, SNE (exc W&I) ..... E. algidus (2) 79' Heads 1–several in open, ± flat-topped clusters; involucre 3–4 mm; cauline leaves densely, evenly puberulent  Minutely hairy. ; pappus bristles 6–9(12), outer series of short bristles or narrow scales; e NCoRI, CaRF, n SNF, ScV (Sutter Buttes), W&I ..... E. incomptus (2) 77' Petiole indistinct, blade linear or oblanceolate, gradually tapered  Gradually (not abruptly) narrower or smaller at base or tip. to base 80. Margins of proximal leaves generally hairy but not stiffly spreading-ciliate; generally > 2200 m 81. Basal leaves 20–80 mm; stem sparsely minutely glandular at least distally, and moderately hairy with short, stiffly spreading to reflexed, glandless hairs; phyllaries green; ray flowers 25–55, ray 6–11 mm ..... E. clokeyi var. pinzliae 81' Basal leaves 6–35 mm; stem densely minutely glandular, also with short-stiff and ± spreading glandless hairs; phyllaries ± black-purple; ray flowers 20–37, ray 4–7(10) mm ..... E. pygmaeus 80' Margins of proximal leaves generally stiffly long-spreading-ciliate; 1200–1800 m 76' Stem glabrous or ascending- to appressed-hairy (to ± spreading-hairy in Erigeron lassenianus) 83' Ray flowers generally 14–80; disk corolla ± narrowly cylindric  Elongate, with parallel sides and, at any point, round in transverse section. 84. Basal leaves 0 at flower 84' Basal leaves generally persistent 86. Basal leaves thread-like to linear 87. Stem 2–8 cm, leafless; stem hairs straight, appressed; basal leaves 5–25 mm; fruit ribs densely ciliate, faces glabrous ..... E. compactus 87' Stem 15–30 cm, generally leafy, at least proximally; stem hairs curved up, ± loose; basal leaves generally 20–70 mm; fruit ribs and faces sparsely hairy ..... E. filifolius 86' Basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate to elliptic or spoon-shaped (or linear in Erigeron lassenianus var. lassenianus and Erigeron robustior) 88. Plants cespitose  Having a densely clumped, tufted, matted, or cushion-like growth form. ; caudex stout, branched; basal leaves oblanceolate to elliptic, petioled; cauline leaves abruptly reduced ..... E. tener 88' Plants not cespitose, caudex generally slender; basal leaves linear to narrowly oblanceolate, petiole  Leaf stalk, connecting leaf blade to stem; sometimes more or less indistinct. indistinct; cauline leaves gradually reduced 89. Basal leaves generally persistent; cauline leaves generally smaller than basal; heads 1–4(7) ..... E. eatonii 90' Involucre 8–16 mm diam; longest phyllaries 5–8 mm; disk corolla 3–5 mm 89' Basal leaves persistent at, or withering before, flower; cauline leaves gradually or little reduced; heads (1)2–7(18) 92' Phyllaries generally glandless; involucre generally 6–8.5 mm, (9)12–20 mm wide; leaves generally 3-veined 93. Plants 10–22(27) cm; taproots ± thick, (3)5–8 mm wide; basal leaves oblanceolate to ± narrowly spoon-shaped; cauline leaves ± continuing to heads; involucres (5)6–7 mm, 9–12(14) mm wide; phyllaries elliptic-oblanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, abruptly acuminate  Having a long-tapered, sharp tip, the sides concave. ..... E. maniopotamicus 93' Plants (15)25–55 cm; taproots ± thin, 2–3 mm wide; basal leaves linear to very narrowly oblanceolate; cauline leaves ending ± well below heads; involucres 6–8.5 mm, (12)14–20 mm wide; phyllaries narrowly oblanceolate to lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. , acute-acuminate ..... E. robustior
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