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Key to ArnicaView taxon page for Arnica
(For a list of species in Arnica, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1' Pappus of 10–50 fine bristles 2. Heads discoid, some marginal flowers occasionally with ± expanded corollas 3. Leaves widely ± sessile  Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. 4. Leaf toothed, net-veined abaxially between 3–5 prominent veins; corolla yellow; fruit hairy, nonglandular ..... A. venosa 4' Leaf ± entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). , weakly 3–5-veined; corolla cream; fruit stalked-glandular ..... A. viscosa 3' Proximal and middle leaves narrowed to a ± widely winged petiole  Leaf stalk, connecting leaf blade to stem; sometimes more or less indistinct. (except Arnica discoidea, proximal leaves ± narrowly wing-petioled) 5. Phyllaries linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. to lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. ; young heads generally nodding; pappus brown-yellow, ± plumose  Plume-like, usually with the parts arrayed in three dimensions around an axis, or in tufts held together at the base; usually pertaining to small, finely divided structures, such as certain stigmas and pappus elements. ..... A. parryi (2) 5' Phyllaries narrowly lanceolate to lance-ovate; young heads erect  Upright; vertically oriented. ; pappus white, generally short-barbed 6. Most proximal leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). blades lanceolate to ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. or ± cordate  Heart-shaped; often pertaining to a leaf in which the blade base on both sides of the petiole is rounded and convex. ; petiole narrow, ± narrowly winged; fruit hairy and stalked-glandular ..... A. discoidea 6' Most proximal leaf blades ± oblanceolate; petiole ± widely winged; fruit sparsely stalked-glandular, generally otherwise glabrous ..... A. spathulata 7. Cauline leaves generally 5–12 pairs, ± equal or gradually reduced distally on stem; heads 3–20 8. Phyllaries generally ± obtuse  Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. , adaxial face of tip generally hair-tufted; tube of disk corolla generally 3–4.5 mm ..... A. chamissonis 8' Phyllaries ± acute  Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. , tip ± no more hairy than body; tube of disk corolla generally 2–3 mm 9. Stems 1–few from short rhizome  1. In seed plants, stem that is often elongate, more or less horizontal, usually underground; distinguished from roots by bearing of leaves, leaf scars, axillary buds, etc. 2. In ferns, stem that is located underground, embedded in leaf litter, on rocks or in rock crevices, or on trees or tree branches, often scaly or hairy; distinguished from roots by bearing of fronds (roots rarely bear fronds), and their greater diameter. or caudex  Generally short, sometimes woody, more or less vertical stem of a perennial, at or beneath ground level. ; leaves ± toothed ..... A. lanceolata subsp. prima 7' Cauline leaves generally 2–4(6) pairs, often strongly reduced distally on stem; heads generally < 5(15) 10. Pappus (yellow-)brown, bristles ± plumose – rhizome short, freely rooting 11. Rays < 15 mm; proximal herbage ± long-spreading-hairy; young heads generally nodding ..... A. parryi (2) 11' Rays generally 15–25 mm; proximal herbage becoming glabrous to hairy or glandular; young heads erect 12. Heads spreading-bell-shaped to hemispheric; cauline leaves variable, ± sessile, most proximal generally largest ..... A. mollis 12' Heads ± narrowly obconic; cauline leaf blades elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear to widely deltate  More or less equilaterally triangular, with the corners rounded or not. , at least some petioled, middle generally largest ..... A. ovata 10' Pappus ± white to straw-colored, bristles short-barbed, if bristles ± plumose, rhizome long 13. Leaf blade  Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. narrow, length ± 3–6+ × width; basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. leaves generally densely clustered; rays yellow-orange 14. Proximal axils brown-woolly-tufted; disk corollas spreading-hairy, stalked-glandular ..... A. fulgens 14' Proximal axils glabrous or sparsely white-hairy; disk corollas stalked-glandular only ..... A. sororia 13' Leaf blade generally ± wide, length generally < 2.5 × width; basal leaves sometimes persistent, not densely clustered; rays yellow 15' Cauline leaves at least at mid-stem petioled (petiole ± wide) 16. Leaves ± thick, often fleshy and ± red; heads 1(4), often nodding in bud  1. An incompletely developed, more or less embryonic shoot, usually covered with bud scales. 2. An unopened flower, often protected by sepals. ; serpentine soils ..... A. cernua 16' Leaves ± thin, neither fleshy nor ± red; heads 1–5, not nodding in bud; not on serpentine 17. Proximal leaves generally toothed, ± strongly cordate (except stunted alpine plants); pappus short-barbed ..... A. cordifolia
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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) . Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ [accessed on ]
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