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Key to FabaceaeView taxon page for Fabaceae
Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. Key to Groups
1. Flower radial  Divisible into mirror-image halves in three or more ways. ; calyx, corolla generally inconspicuous; petals free or fused, lobes  1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. not overlapped in bud  1. An incompletely developed, more or less embryonic shoot, usually covered with bud scales. 2. An unopened flower, often protected by sepals. ; stamens 10 or generally many, often long-exserted; leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). 2-pinnate (simple in alien Acacia) ..... Group 1: Mimosoid genera 1' Flower generally bilateral  Divisible into mirror-image halves in only one way. , less often ± radial; calyx, corolla generally conspicuous; petals overlapped in bud, free or 2 lowermost ± fused; stamens 10 (or 5, 6, 7, 9), generally ± included  Not protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens included in corolla). ; leaf 1- or 2-pinnate (less often simple  Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. or palmately compound) 2' Flower bilateral; sepals free to ± entirely fused; leaf simple, 1-pinnate, or palmate  More than two structures or parts (e.g., veins, lobes, or leaflets) radiating from a common point in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane). 3. Upper petal (banner) inside lateral ones (wings) in bud; stamens free; leaf simple, reniform  Kidney-shaped; often pertaining to a leaf in which the blade base on both sides of the petiole is rounded and concave. or bi-lobed ..... Group 2: Caesalpinioid genera (Cercis only) 3' Upper petal (banner) outside lateral ones (wings) in bud (only banner present in Amorpha, petal position not evident in some Dalea); stamens generally with all or 9 filaments fused (free in Thermopsis, Pickeringia, Calia); leaf 1-pinnate (leaflets often 3), some palmately compound (especially Lupinus) or simple ..... Group 3: Papilionoid genera
Group 1: Mimosoid genera
1. Stamens 10; 1° leaflets generally 2 or 4 2. Fruit linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. , not coiled; petals free ..... NELTUMA 1' Stamens > 10; 1° leaflets generally > 4, or leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). simple Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. 3. Filaments fused below, free above; leaf 2-pinnate 4. Inflorescence axillary  Pertaining to or within an axil, especially a leaf axil. spike-like racemes or ± terminal panicle  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the basal or lateral flowers (or some of them) open before the terminal or central flowers on any axis. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a panicle-like inflorescence is one in which at least some of the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are attached (stalked or unstalked) to branches and not directly to the main axis of the inflorescence and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. of head-like racemes; petiole  Leaf stalk, connecting leaf blade to stem; sometimes more or less indistinct. with a gland; fruit not or slowly dehiscent  Opening at maturity to release contents; usually pertaining to anthers or fruits. , valves not recurving; ScV, CCo, SnFrB, SCoRO, SW 5. Inflorescence ± terminal panicle of head-like racemes; stamens 24–34, filaments 24–38 mm, pink or pinkish-orange; ScV, SW, expected elsewhere ..... ALBIZIA 5' Inflorescence axillary spike-like racemes; stamens 96–154, filaments 13–16 mm, greenish or lemon-yellow; CW (exc SCoRI), SW (exc SnGb & SnBr) ..... PARASERIANTHES 4' Inflorescence axillary heads; petiole without a gland; fruit dehiscent, valves recurving; DSon ..... CALLIANDRA 3' Filaments free; leaf 2-pinnate or simple 6' Plant armed with prickles or stipular spines 7' Plant armed with stipular spines
Group 2: Caesalpinioid genera
1. Leaf simple Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. ; corolla pink-purple ..... CERCIS 1' Leaf compound; corolla generally ± yellow 2. Leaf 1-pinnate, plant unarmed or main leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). axis generally > 2 cm, a weak spine at tip; corolla generally yellow ..... SENNA 2' Leaf generally 2-pinnate (both 1- and 2-pinnate in some), plant armed, main leaf axis generally < 2 cm (except Gleditsia), a strong spine at tip, or (if leaf interpreted as 1-pinnate; see Parkinsonia), leaf subtended by a strong spine generally < 2 cm and main leaf axis not a spine at tip; corolla ± yellow to orange, less often ± red or with orange to ± red marks 3. Flower ± 3–5 mm; sepals, petals ± alike in color, texture; plant tree, generally armed ..... GLEDITSIA 3' Flower > 5 mm; sepals, petals not alike in color, texture; plant perennial  Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb, shrub, small tree, armed or not 6. Plant with scattered prickles; sepals not alike; fruit indehiscent  Not opening inherently to release contents; usually pertaining to fruits. ..... CAESALPINIA (2) 6' Plant with stipular spines at nodes  Position on a stem from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. or thorns in leaf axils (see leaf scars) or main leaf axis a strong spine; sepals alike; fruit indehiscent to partly dehiscent Opening at maturity to release contents; usually pertaining to anthers or fruits. late ..... PARKINSONIA
Group 3: Papilionoid genera
2. Plant generally armed with prickles, spines, or thorns 3. Leaves simple Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. , sometimes small or falling early 4' Plant not gland-dotted; corolla yellow to ± red; seeds (1)2–several 5. Corolla red-purple; fruit narrowed between seeds, glabrous ..... ALHAGI 5' Corolla yellow; fruit not narrowed between seeds, densely hairy ..... ULEX 3' Leaves all or mostly compound, generally persistent 6' Leaf pinnately compound; all or 9 filaments fused 7. Plant gland-dotted; fruit indehiscent Not opening inherently to release contents; usually pertaining to fruits. ; seed 1 ..... PSOROTHAMNUS (4) 7' Plant not gland-dotted; fruit dehiscent Opening at maturity to release contents; usually pertaining to anthers or fruits. (sometimes slowly so); seeds generally several 8. Leaf even-pinnate; corolla wings purple-pink suffused with white, banner, keel yellow-white to pink or purple; fruit not flat, generally narrowed between seeds ..... OLNEYA 8' Leaf odd-pinnate; corolla white or pink; fruit flat, not narrowed between seeds ..... ROBINIA (2) 9. Petal 1 (the banner) – inflorescence spike-like; fruit indehiscent; seed 1 ..... AMORPHA 10. Filaments all fused; leaves simple or ternately or palmately compound 11' Leaves simple or generally compound, generally > 2.5 cm; stems leafy 12. Leaf of 3–17 leaflets, palmately compound; corolla blue, purple, white, or yellow, banner glabrous to densely hairy, keel generally beaked ..... LUPINUS (2) 12' Leaf of 1–3 leaflets, appearing simple or not; corolla yellow or white, banner generally glabrous, keel obtuse  Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. 13. Style generally abruptly curved at ± middle or gently curved ± throughout; upper lip of calyx ± 2-lobed ..... CYTISUS 10' Filaments all free or 9 fused, 1 (uppermost) free or 0; leaves generally odd-pinnately compound (or leaflet  A leaf-like unit of a compound leaf; distinguished from a leaf by the absence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; lacking lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (leaf 1-compound, with primary leaflets) or compound (leaf 2-compound, with primary and secondary leaflets; 3-compound, with primary, secondary, and tertiary leaflets, etc). number, arrangement generally irregular, as sometimes in Acmispon) 14. Inflorescence generally an umbel  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, an inflorescence in which three to many pedicels and, if compound, branches (rays) radiate from a common point; characteristic of but not confined to Apiaceae. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, an umbel-like inflorescence is one in which three to many stalked inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, radiate from a common point of attachment without an evident axis or branches. or flowers 1–2; corolla generally yellow ..... ACMISPON (3) 14' Inflorescence a raceme  In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. ; corolla yellow or not 15' Corolla white or pink to purple; fruit not papery, not inflated 16. Flower 6–10 mm; plant gland-dotted; fruit indehiscent; seed 1 (see also Marina) ..... PSOROTHAMNUS (4) 16' Flower 14–25 mm; plant not gland-dotted; fruit dehiscent or not; seeds several 17. Fruit dehiscent, flat, not narrowed between seeds; filaments 9 fused, 1 free; corolla ± white to pink ..... ROBINIA (2) 1' Annual, biennial, perennial Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb, vine, subshrub 18. Leaflets 0, but stipules leaflet-like – leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). axis ending as a tendril ..... [Lathyrus aphaca] 19. Leaf palmately compound, leaflets generally 3–9 20' All or 9 filaments fused; corolla not yellow or, if so, generally < 15 mm 21. Leaflets gland-dotted; fruit indehiscent or transversely dehiscent; seed 1 22. Leaves ± basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. or clustered near stem tips; leaflets elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear to oblanceolate or widely obovate; fruit included Not protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens included in corolla). in calyx except for beak ..... PEDIOMELUM 22' Leaves cauline; leaflets obovate to linear Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. ; fruit exserted  Protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens exserted from corolla). from calyx ..... LADEANIA 21' Leaflets not gland-dotted; fruit indehiscent or dehiscent through longitudinal sutures; seeds generally several 23. Filaments of all stamens fused; leaflets generally 5–9, entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). ..... LUPINUS (2) 23' Filaments of 9 stamens fused, the 10th (uppermost) free; leaflets 3–5, entire, toothed, or wavy 24. Leaflets 3–9, lower 2 in stipular position or not, others ± palmately arranged, stipules gland-like, reduced to bumps, or inconspicuous, inflorescence an umbel or 1–3-flowered, corolla generally yellow (see also Acmispon) ..... LOTUS 24' Leaflets generally 3, lower 2 not in stipular position, stipules generally papery or membranous, not reduced to bumps, not inconspicuous, rarely leaflet-like, if so then inflorescence not an umbel and corolla not yellow 19' Leaf pinnately to subpalmately compound (axis apparent beyond lowermost leaflets), leaflets 2–many 26' Leaflets >= 3; main leaf axis ending as leaflet, tendril, or bristle 27. Leaflets 3; fruit generally indehiscent (generally dehiscent in Phaseolus) 28. Keel petals spirally coiled; leaflet generally lobed – trailing or twining vine ..... PHASEOLUS 28' Keel petals not spirally coiled; leaflet entire, toothed, or wavy 29. Leaflet toothed or wavy – fruit ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. or reniform Kidney-shaped; often pertaining to a leaf in which the blade base on both sides of the petiole is rounded and concave. , generally 1-seeded, or ± coiled, several-seeded 30' Corolla deciduous, yellow or not, 3.5–5 mm or not 31. Fruit spirally coiled (or sickle-shaped or straight), generally prickly; seeds 1–several ..... MEDICAGO (2) 31' Fruit not spirally coiled, not prickly; seeds 1–2 29' Leaflet not toothed, not wavy 33. Plant not gland-dotted; seeds generally 2–several; fruit exserted from calyx or included except for beak 34. Inflorescence an umbel; fruit exserted from calyx or included except for beak ..... ACMISPON (3) 33' Plant ± gland-dotted; seed 1; fruit generally included in calyx except for beak 35' Corolla at least partly blue to purple; calyx swollen or not in fruit 36. Calyx swollen in fruit; bracts at each node Position on a stem from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. , especially lower, of inflorescence united into fan-shaped, 3–5 toothed blade  Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. ..... BITUMINARIA 36' Calyx not (or only ±) swollen in fruit; bracts at nodes Position on a stem from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. of inflorescence not united ..... HOITA 27' Leaflets > 3 on all or most leaves; fruit dehiscent or not 37. Leaf even-pinnate, main axis ending as a bristle or tendril or not 38. Leaflets ± 20–60; fruit 4–8 cm or 15–20 cm; plant annual, shrub, small tree ..... SESBANIA 38' Leaflets < 30; fruit generally < 8 cm; plant annual, perennial herb 39. Stipules leaflet-like, often > leaflets; style longitudinally folded; leaflets 4–6, glabrous ..... PISUM 39' Stipules generally not leaflet-like but sometimes ± = leaflets; style not longitudinally folded; leaflets 4–many, hairy or glabrous 40. Style ± flat, puberulent  Minutely hairy. near ± middle for ± 1/3–1/2 length adaxially; leaflets ± rolled in bud 1. An incompletely developed, more or less embryonic shoot, usually covered with bud scales. 2. An unopened flower, often protected by sepals. ..... LATHYRUS (2) 40' Style generally not ± flat, puberulent at tip, all around or especially abaxially; leaflets folded in bud ..... VICIA 37' Leaf odd-pinnate, main axis ending as a leaflet 41. Corolla wings << keel; leaflets adaxially finely red-dotted; fruit 1-seeded, leathery, strongly net-ridged ..... ONOBRYCHIS 41' Corolla wings ± = keel; leaflets adaxially dark gland-dotted or not, not red-dotted; fruit not simultaneously 1-seeded, leathery, and strongly net-ridged 42. Plant gland-dotted on stems, leaflets, or both; fruit indehiscent 43. Fruit several-seeded, long-exserted from calyx, glabrous or with bristles or prickles; leaflets 6–10 mm wide ..... GLYCYRRHIZA 43' Fruit 1-seeded, included in calyx, glandular; leaflets generally < 6 mm wide 44' Petals, except banner, from side or top of column  Structure at the center of an orchid flower formed by fusion of stamen(s) and style. of fused filaments; stamens 5 or 9–10; inflorescence not head-like 45. Plant prostrate  Lying flat on the ground. to decumbent  lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. 45' Plant ascending  Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. to erect  Upright; vertically oriented. 47. Inflorescence a dense spike  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a spike-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are sessile and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. ; stamens 5 ..... DALEA (2) 42' Plant not obviously gland-dotted; fruit dehiscent or not 48. Flowers 1–2 or several to many in umbel 49. Stipules gland-like, often not apparent; fruit exserted or not, ovate to oblong  Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. ..... ACMISPON (3) 49' Stipules conspicuous, scarious or leaflet-like; fruit exserted, generally linear to lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. 50. Inflorescence generally 10–20-flowered umbel; fruit indehiscent, segments 1–12 ..... CORONILLA 50' Inflorescence several-flowered umbel or 1–2-flowered; fruit dehiscent, segments 0 ..... HOSACKIA 48' Flowers (1–2 or) many in spike to raceme that is head-like or not 51. Seed 1; leaflet tip with gland; inflorescence a spike, dense, ± 1 cm ..... MARINA (3) 51' Seeds several; leaflet tip without gland; inflorescence a spike or raceme, dense or not, generally > 1 cm 52. Fruit indehiscent, breaking into 1-seeded segments; corolla 6–9 mm; leaflet generally < 6 mm ..... ORNITHOPUS 52' Fruit generally dehiscent (sometimes slowly so), not breaking into 1-seeded segments; corolla often > 9 mm; leaflet often > 6 mm 53' Style tip and stigma glabrous; stipules not spiny, free or fused 54. Keel tip rounded to acute  Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. (or short-beaked); fruit 1-chambered, if ± 2-chambered then septum from lower suture, rarely fusing with narrow flange from upper suture ..... ASTRAGALUS (3) 54' Keel tip beaked; fruit ± 2-chambered, septum from upper suture, partial to complete ..... OXYTROPIS
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