Key to Lithophragma

View taxon page for Lithophragma

(For a list of species in Lithophragma, use the above link.)

Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots.

1. Cauline leaves 2, 

opposite 

1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from.

..... L. cymbalaria

1' Cauline leaves >= 1, 

alternate 

1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'.

2. Hypanthium long-obconic, base acutely 

tapered 

Gradually (not abruptly) narrower or smaller at base or tip.

to 

pedicel 

Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit.

; ovary > 1/2-inferior

3. Basal leaves lobed ± 1/2 or less to base; most proximal cauline 

leaf 

Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets).

3-lobed; petals white ..... L. affine

3' Basal leaves deeply lobed (> 3/4 to base) to 3-parted; most proximal cauline leaf 3-parted; petals white or pink ..... L. parviflorum

4. Hypanthium ± 2 × longer than wide; flower not fragrant; petals white or pink ..... var. parviflorum

4' Hypanthium 3–4 × longer than wide; flower fragrant; petals pink ..... var. trifoliatum

2' Hypanthium hemispheric to bell-shaped, base 

truncate 

Abruptly (not gradually) narrower or smaller at base or tip, as if cut straight across or nearly so.

, rounded, or obtusely tapered to pedicel; ovary superior or < 1/2-inferior

5. Basal leaves 3-parted or deeply 3-lobed (> 1/2 to base); petals white or pink

6. Plant 40–60 cm; petals white; s ChI (San Clemente Island) ..... L. maximum

6' Plant 8–30 cm; petals pink, occasionally white; mainland

7. Petal 

lobes 

1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth.

deep, 3–5; inflorescence often with 

bulblets 

1. Small bulb generally produced at the base of a bulb. 2. Any small, bulb-like structure that propagates a plant, often in a leaf or bract axil.

in axils of proximal bracts; seed spiny ..... L. glabrum

7' Petal lobes shallow, generally 5–7; inflorescence without bulblets; seed smooth ..... L. tenellum

5' Basal leaves ± shallowly lobed (< 1/2 to base); petals white

8. Petals obovate, lobes 3; 

hypanthium 

Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary).

bell-shaped, base truncate; inflorescence often with bulblets in axils of distal bracts ..... L. heterophyllum

8' Petals ovate-elliptic, 

entire 

Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).

or lobes > 3; hypanthium hemispheric to bell-shaped, base obtusely tapered to round; inflorescence bulblets generally 0

9. Petals 

spreading 

Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal.

, entire or ± lobed, lobes ± equal (sometimes tooth-like); hypanthium hemispheric; ovary < 1/2-inferior; leaf teeth ± round ..... L. bolanderi

9' Petals ± 

erect 

Upright; vertically oriented.

, ± lobed, lobes ± unequal (becoming smaller and tooth-like near base); hypanthium broadly bell-shaped; ovary superior; leaf teeth ± sharp ..... L. campanulatum

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