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Key to MuhlenbergiaView taxon page for Muhlenbergia
(For a list of species in Muhlenbergia, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 2. Lemma awned, awn  1. Bristle-like appendage or elongation, generally terminal. 2. Stiff, needle-like pappus element in Asteraceae. 1–3 cm, lemma  In Poaceae, the lower, generally larger of two sheathing bracts subtending a flower, generally ensheathing the palea (in a sterile lemma, the associated flower and sometimes palea are rudimentary or absent); with the palea and flower, comprising the floret. 2.5–6 mm 3. Lemma generally 4.5–6 mm; inflorescence generally < 1.5 cm wide, branches closely appressed  Parallel or nearly parallel to and often in contact with surface of origin; used to describe the disposition of hairs, leaves, pedicels, etc. ; glumes generally 1–2 mm ..... M. appressa 3' Lemma generally 2.5–4.5 mm; inflorescence 1–5 cm wide, branches spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. to ascending  Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. ; glumes generally < 1 mm ..... M. microsperma (2) 2' Lemma short-awned, awn < 1 mm, or awn 0; lemma < 2.5 mm 4. Inflorescence narrow, < 1 cm wide; branches closely appressed; stems often rooting at lower nodes  Position on a stem from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. ..... M. filiformis (2) 4' Inflorescence open, 1.5–8 cm wide; branches reflexed  Abruptly bent or curved downward or backward. , ascending to spreading; stems not rooting at lower nodes 5. Inflorescence branches stiffly spreading to reflexed ± 90° from axis; glumes glabrous; ligule  1. In Asteraceae, the 5-lobed, strap- or fan-shaped outer portion of the corolla of a ligulate flower. 2. In most Poaceae and some other grass-like plants, an appendage at the adaxial junction of leaf sheath and blade, generally membranous, sometimes formed of hairs. 3. In Isoetes and, more obscurely, in Selaginella, a membrane that wholly or partially covers a sporangium. teeth 2, 1 on each side ..... M. fragilis 5' Inflorescence branches ascending < 80° from axis; glume  In Poaceae, each of generally two sheathing bracts that are the lowermost parts of a spikelet, subtending one or more florets. tip short-hairy; ligule truncate  Abruptly (not gradually) narrower or smaller at base or tip, as if cut straight across or nearly so. to obtuse  Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. , irregularly short-toothed ..... M. minutissima 6. Lemma awn 0 or short-awned, awn < 1 mm 8' Inflorescence <= 4 cm wide, narrow, branches ascending to appressed, occasionally loosely spreading 9. Rhizomes creeping, ± scaly; stems ± decumbent  lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. to erect  Upright; vertically oriented. 10' Glumes 0.5–1.8 mm, ± 1/2 lemma; lemma glabrous to ± scabrous 11. Ligule generally 1–2.5 mm; inflorescence axis generally obscured by branches, spikelets  1. In Poaceae, one or more florets (each a flower with subtending lemma and generally palea) and generally 2 subtending glumes; in a sterile spikelet, the flower(s) and sometimes palea(s) are rudimentary or absent. 2. In Cyperaceae, the smallest aggregation of flowers (generally more than 2) and associated bracts. ..... M. richardsonis 11' Ligule generally < 1 mm; inflorescence axis generally visible between branches ..... M. utilis 9' Rhizomes 0; stems clumped or decumbent and ± rooting at nodes 12' Blade >= 5 cm; lemma generally > 2.5 mm; stem 2–15 dm 14. Inflorescence open, 6–15 cm wide, branches spreading 15. Ligule 10–25 mm, acuminate  Having a long-tapered, sharp tip, the sides concave. ; inflorescence 20–45 cm; blade  Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. 20–50 cm, 2–6 mm wide; lemma 2–3 mm; stems stout, laterally compressed  Flattened side-to-side or front-to-back. near base; glumes >= lemma ..... M. emersleyi (3) 15' Ligule 1–2.5(4) mm, truncate; inflorescence 4–14 cm; blade 2–8 cm, 0.5–2 mm wide; lemma 3–4.5 mm; stems wiry with rounded knotty base; glumes < lemma ..... M. porteri 14' Inflorescence generally < 6 cm wide, branches ascending to appressed, occasionally spreading 16' Glumes 2, generally > 0.5 mm, vein(s) evident 17. Rhizome generally scaly, creeping 18. Blade generally rolled, < 2 mm wide; anther purple, 1.5–3 mm 19. Lemma, palea  1. In Asteraceae, a scale-like bract that subtends an individual flower on the receptacle (equal to 'chaff scale' in TJM), absent in some genera, restricted to a ring separating ray and disk flowers in most tarweed species. 2. In Poaceae, the distal, generally smaller of two sheathing bracts subtending a flower, generally two-veined and -keeled and ensheathed by the lemma; with the lemma and flower, comprising the floret. short-soft-hairy on lower 1/2; stems loosely clumped, decumbent ..... M. arsenei (2) 19' Lemma base sparsely short-hairy; palea glabrous to ± scabrous; stems erect, ± rooting at lower nodes ..... M. pauciflora (2) 18' Blade generally flat, >= 2 mm wide; anther yellow, generally <= 1.5 mm 20' Hairs at lemma base < 1.5 mm 22' Upper glume generally 1-veined, obtuse, acute  Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. , or awned 23' Lower glume 1-veined, with 1 awn or awnless; inflorescence 5–30 mm wide, dense to loose 24. Glumes 0.5–1 mm, obtuse; cleistogamous spikelets generally present in lowermost stem axils ..... M. microsperma (2) 24' Glumes generally 1.5–3.5 mm, acute, acuminate, or awned; cleistogamous spikelets 0 25. Inflorescence 20–45 cm; blade 20–50 cm, 2–6 mm wide; ligule 10–25 mm; lemma 2–3 mm; stems laterally compressed near base, without rhizome  1. In seed plants, stem that is often elongate, more or less horizontal, usually underground; distinguished from roots by bearing of leaves, leaf scars, axillary buds, etc. 2. In ferns, stem that is located underground, embedded in leaf litter, on rocks or in rock crevices, or on trees or tree branches, often scaly or hairy; distinguished from roots by bearing of fronds (roots rarely bear fronds), and their greater diameter. ..... M. emersleyi (3) 25' Inflorescence 4–12 cm; blade 1–8 cm, 0.5–2 mm wide; ligule 1–2.5 mm; lemma 3.5–5 mm; stems rounded near base, often with short, knot-like rhizome 26. Lemma, palea short-soft-hairy on lower 1/2; stems loosely clumped, decumbent ..... M. arsenei (2) 26' Lemma base sparsely short-hairy; palea glabrous to ± scabrous; stems erect, ± rooting at lower nodes ..... M. pauciflora (2)
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