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Key to SileneView taxon page for Silene
(For a list of species in Silene, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1. Annual, biennial, taproot generally slender 2. Calyx tube clearly 16–30-veined 3. Styles 5; petal limb ± entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). to 2-lobed; fruit teeth 10; flower pistillate ..... S. latifolia (3) 3' Styles generally 3; petal limb entire to notched; fruit teeth 3; flower bisexual  Both male and female reproductive parts occurring and functional in the same plant or structure (e.g., flower, spikelet, inflorescence). 2' Calyx tube clearly 10-veined 5. Pedicel, calyx glabrous 6. Upper leaves linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. to oblanceolate; upper internodes  Segment of an axis (generally a stem) between successive positions (nodes) from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. generally sticky; calyx not constricted to a narrow tube ..... S. antirrhina 6' Upper leaves oblanceolate to ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. ; upper internodes not sticky; calyx constricted to a narrow tube ..... S. armeria 7. Pedicels 0–5 mm; flowers generally 1 per node  Position on a stem from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. ; inflorescence ± 1-sided 8. Calyx densely short-hairy, not glandular; petal limb 5–12 mm, lobed >= 1/2 length; styles exserted  Protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens exserted from corolla). ; inflorescence bracts thin, ± translucent ..... S. dichotoma subsp. dichotoma 8' Calyx glandular-hairy especially on veins; petal limb 2–5 mm, entire to notched; styles included  Not protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens included in corolla). ; inflorescence bracts thick, opaque ..... S. gallica 7' Some pedicels  Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. > 5 mm; some nodes Position on a stem from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. with 2–3 flowers; inflorescence not 1-sided 9. Petals bright pink; calyx lobes  1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. 2–3 mm 9' Petals white, yellow-white, or ± pink; calyx lobes 3–13 mm 11. Calyx tube veins not clearly net-like, lobes generally 3–6 mm, acute  Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. to acuminate  Having a long-tapered, sharp tip, the sides concave. ; flowers staminate ..... S. latifolia (3) 11' Calyx tube veins net-like above middle, lobes 6–13 mm, generally long-tapered; flowers bisexual ..... S. noctiflora 1' Perennial herb, from rhizome  1. In seed plants, stem that is often elongate, more or less horizontal, usually underground; distinguished from roots by bearing of leaves, leaf scars, axillary buds, etc. 2. In ferns, stem that is located underground, embedded in leaf litter, on rocks or in rock crevices, or on trees or tree branches, often scaly or hairy; distinguished from roots by bearing of fronds (roots rarely bear fronds), and their greater diameter. or simple  Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. to branched, woody caudex  Generally short, sometimes woody, more or less vertical stem of a perennial, at or beneath ground level. 14. Cauline leaves widely lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. to ovate; fruit ovoid ..... subsp. californica 14' Cauline leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate; fruit ± oblong  Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. to ovoid ..... subsp. laciniata 12' Corolla white, ± red, purple, or yellow-white or -green to green 15. Calyx clearly ± inflated (papery in Silene vulgaris) 16' Calyx 7–10 mm, generally glabrous, faintly 10–15-veined, lobes 1–3 mm; fruit ± spheric ..... S. vulgaris 15' Calyx not clearly inflated or papery in fruit 17. Petal claw tapered  Gradually (not abruptly) narrower or smaller at base or tip. to limb; appendages 0 18. Calyx lobes 4–5 mm, slightly < tube; petal 4-lobed, claw ± fusiform  Elongate, widest at the middle, tapered to both ends. , short-woolly below middle; s SNH ..... S. aperta 18' Calyx lobes 1–2 mm, << tube; petals entire to slightly notched, claw gradually tapered to limb, glabrous to sparsely short-hairy below middle; KR, s CaRH, c&n SNH ..... S. invisa 17' Petal claw and limb junction generally abrupt, often narrowed; appendages 2–6, 0.5–4 mm 19. Petal limb 2-lobed, sometimes short-toothed near base 20. Basal, lower cauline leaves densely tufted, fleshy, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, generally < 40 mm, < 5 mm wide; flowering stems generally < 30 cm 21. Seeds 2–3 mm; calyx 8–10 mm; petal limb 3–5 mm; basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. leaves 1–5 mm wide ..... S. grayi (2) 21' Seeds 1–2 mm; calyx 9–15 mm; petal limb 2.5–3.5 mm; basal leaves 1.5–3.5 mm wide 22. Walls between calyx hair cells clear; plant 10–15(20) cm; calyx lobes 2–3 mm; SNH, SNE ..... S. sargentii 20' Basal leaves not densely tufted, not fleshy, generally lanceolate to oblanceolate, some > 30 mm, > 5 mm wide; some flowering stems > 30 cm 23' Petals > 10 mm, calyx 7–20 mm; petal appendages > 1 mm 24' Flowers spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. to generally erect  Upright; vertically oriented. ; stamens, styles ± not exserted 25. Pedicel, calyx puberulent  Minutely hairy. , not glandular, rarely glabrous 26. Calyx base truncate  Abruptly (not gradually) narrower or smaller at base or tip, as if cut straight across or nearly so. to rounded in fruit; basal leaves, lower internodes glabrous to sparsely puberulent ..... S. douglasii var. douglasii 26' Calyx base narrowed in fruit; basal leaves, lower internodes moderately to densely puberulent, ± finely scabrous or not ..... S. verecunda (2) 25' Pedicel, calyx glandular-puberulent to -hairy 27. Basal leaves mostly > 10 mm wide, oblanceolate, lanceolate, or elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear 28. Cauline leaves << basal leaves; cauline leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). pairs < 3; fruit stalk 1–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; calyx lobe 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. veins wider than tube veins; > 1200 m ..... S. nuda 28' Cauline leaves gradually reduced upward; cauline leaf pairs > 4; fruit stalk 3–6 mm, puberulent to woolly; calyx lobe veins ± as wide as tube veins; < 300 m ..... S. scouleri subsp. scouleri 27' Basal, lower cauline leaves 0 or withering (if present, most < 10 mm wide, linear to narrowly oblanceolate) 19' Petal limb generally 4–8-lobed 30. Calyx 15–40 mm; corolla 20–30 mm 30' Calyx 5–20(25) mm; corolla generally < 20 mm (< 50 mm in Silene occidentalis) 32. Calyx tube generally <= 10 mm 33. Calyx tube cylindric  Elongate, with parallel sides and, at any point, round in transverse section. , length > width; stamens, styles > petal claws; petal claw short-woolly ..... S. lemmonii 33' Calyx tube bell-shaped or elliptic, length ± = width; stamens, styles = to ± > petal claws; petal claw glabrous or ciliate  Having generally straight, conspicuous hairs along margins or edges. at base 34. Petals 5–11 mm, limb 2–4-lobed; fruit stalk glabrous; flowers generally ascending  Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. to erect; calyx lobes generally < 2 mm 35. Leaves linear to oblanceolate; internodes 2–3 × > leaves; calyx clearly veined; petal lobes 4, outer generally > inner ..... S. grayi (2) 35' Leaves lanceolate to elliptic; internodes < leaves; calyx faintly veined; petal lobes generally 2 ..... S. menziesii (2) 34' Petals 12–20 mm, limb 4–6(8)-lobed; fruit stalk puberulent; flowers nodding to ± spreading; calyx lobes 2–5 mm ..... S. campanulata 32' Calyx tube generally > 10 mm 37. Upper cauline leaves generally overlapping or exceeding pedicels; calyx canescent to soft-white-hairy; petal limb ± = claw, lobes > 10 mm 38. Stems glandular-puberulent above; petal lobes equal or outer < inner, ± linear or lanceolate to broadly oblong, 5–10 mm, appendages 2, linear; stamens included ..... S. hookeri 38' Stems soft-shaggy-hairy or canescent above; petal lobes equal, linear, 15–25 mm, stamens long-exserted. 37' Flowers located well above cauline leaves; calyx short-glandular-hairy; petal limb 1/3–1/2 × claw, lobes < 8 mm 40' Fruit stalk 2–5 mm; petal limb 3–7 mm; calyx generally < 15(18) mm 41. Petal appendages 2, deeply cut or fringed  Having ragged or finely cut margins. ; petal claw, stamen base ciliate ..... S. bernardina
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