Common Name: BORAGE FAMILY
Habit: Annual, perennial herb, or shrub, often bristly or sharp-hairy. Stem: prostrate-decumbent to erect. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, simple, generally alternate, sometimes opposite, especially at base. Inflorescence: cymes, arranged singly or in groups of 2--5, generally coiled in flower, generally elongating in fruit. Flower: bisexual, generally radial; sepals 5, free or fused at least at base; corolla 5-lobed, salverform, funnel-shaped, rotate, or bell-shaped, appendages (often called "fornices") 0 or 5 at top of tube, when present often differentially pigmented, alternate stamens; stamens epipetalous; ovary superior, 4-lobed, style 1, entire or minutely 2-lobed (2-branched). Fruit: nutlets 1--4, when > 1, all similar (often called "homomorphic") or 1 or 2 dissimilar in size and/or shape from the others (often called "heteromorphic"), free (fused), smooth to roughened, prickly or bristly or not.
Genera In Family: +- 90 genera, +- 1600--1700 species: mostly temperate, especially western North America, Mediterranean; some cultivated (Borago, Echium, Myosotis, Symphytum). Toxicity: Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. Note: Sometimes still treated in broader sense of TJM2 (e.g., APG IV 2016 Bot J Linn Soc 181:1--20), but recent evidence (Luebert et al. 2016) supports segregation, for our flora, of the families Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae, and Namaceae.
eFlora Treatment Author: Michael G. Simpson, C. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman & Ronald B. Kelley
Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin, C. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman, David J. Keil, Ronald B. Kelley, Robert W. Patterson, Thomas J. Rosatti & Michael G. Simpson

Habit: Annual, hairy, taprooted. Stem: +- erect; branches 0--many. Leaf: basal and cauline, sessile, entire. Inflorescence: raceme-like cymes, +- terminal; bracts leaf-like; pedicels erect in fruit. Flower: calyx +- deep-5-lobed, enlarged in fruit; corolla 5-lobed, funnel-shaped, appendages present; style entire. Fruit: nutlets generally 4, ovate, with +- long, barbed prickles in 1 or 2(3) rows along margins, scar lateral.
Etymology: (Latin: little bur)
eFlora Treatment Author: Ronald B. Kelley

Stem: 0.5--3.5 dm. Leaf: 1--4 cm, linear to lanceolate. Inflorescence: pedicel 1--2 mm. Flower: calyx 3--3.5 mm in fruit, lobes lanceolate, +- erect in fruit; corolla 1.5--2.5 mm diam, white to occasionally blue. Fruit: nutlet 2--3 mm, marginal prickles in 1 row, bases +- or much wider, generally fused.

Unabridged Note: Lappula redowskii var. cupulata generally in warmer, drier places than Lappula redowskii var. redowskii.