Common Name: BORAGE FAMILY Habit: Annual, perennial herb, or shrub, often bristly or sharp-hairy. Stem: prostrate-decumbent to erect. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, simple, generally alternate, sometimes opposite, especially at base. Inflorescence: cymes, arranged singly or in groups of 2--5, generally coiled in flower, generally elongating in fruit. Flower: bisexual, generally radial; sepals 5, free or fused at least at base; corolla 5-lobed, salverform, funnel-shaped, rotate, or bell-shaped, appendages (often called "fornices") 0 or 5 at top of tube, when present often differentially pigmented, alternate stamens; stamens epipetalous; ovary superior, 4-lobed, style 1, entire or minutely 2-lobed (2-branched). Fruit: nutlets 1--4, when > 1, all similar (often called "homomorphic") or 1 or 2 dissimilar in size and/or shape from the others (often called "heteromorphic"), free (fused), smooth to roughened, prickly or bristly or not. Genera In Family: +- 90 genera, +- 1600--1700 species: mostly temperate, especially western North America, Mediterranean; some cultivated (Borago, Echium, Myosotis, Symphytum). Toxicity: Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. Note: Sometimes still treated in broader sense of TJM2 (e.g., APG IV 2016 Bot J Linn Soc 181:1--20), but recent evidence (Luebert et al. 2016) supports segregation, for our flora, of the families Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae, and Namaceae. eFlora Treatment Author: Michael G. Simpson, C. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman & Ronald B. Kelley Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin, C. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman, David J. Keil, Ronald B. Kelley, Robert W. Patterson, Thomas J. Rosatti & Michael G. Simpson
Habit: Annual, biennial, [perennial herb], shrub; strigose to bristly-hairy. Leaf: basal and cauline, linear to lanceolate, entire. Inflorescence: panicle-like cymes, terminal; branches 3--many, +- spike-like. Flower: radial to +- bilateral; calyx deep-lobed, often longer in fruit; corolla throat straight or +- curved, lobes equal or not; stamens 5, attached below mid-tube, included or exserted; style exserted. Fruit: nutlet erect, short, ovate, 3-angled, scar basal, flat. Etymology: (Greek: viper, from nutlet shaped like viper's head) Note: Several entities cultivated for ornament, especially on California coast, some potentially naturalized, some may be hybrids. eFlora Treatment Author: Ronald B. Kelley Unabridged Reference: Bramwell 1972 Lagascalia 2:37--115
Echium candicans L. f.
NATURALIZED Habit: Long-lived shrub 10--20(30) dm, many-branched. Leaf: persistent, 6--25 cm, narrow-elliptic, dense-strigose, few hairs bulbous-based. Inflorescence: 15--40 cm, elliptic, dense; branches many, +- spreading. Flower: +- radial; calyx 4--5(7) mm; corolla limb 9--11 mm diam, blue to violet, tube +- = calyx; stamens long-exserted. Fruit: black, rough, fine-tubercled. Chromosomes: 2n=16. Ecology: Open, dry slopes, bluffs; Elevation: < 500 m. Bioregional Distribution: CCo, SnFrB, SCo, s SnGb; Distribution Outside California: native to Madeira, Macaronesia. Flowering Time: Feb--Oct Unabridged Note: Shrubs with flowers pink to pale blue, nutlets sharp-tubercled belong to Echium strictum L. f. Jepson eFlora Author: Ronald B. Kelley Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) View the CDFA Pest Rating page for Echium candicans Weed listed by Cal-IPC Previous taxon: Echium Next taxon: Echium pininana
Citation for this treatment: Ronald B. Kelley 2012, Echium candicans, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=77286, accessed on April 19, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 19, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Echium candicans:
CCo, SnFrB, SCo, s SnGb
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).