Common Name: STONECROP FAMILY
Habit: Annual to shrub [+- tree-like or climbing], fleshy. Leaf: generally simple, alternate or opposite (whorled), in dense to open, basal (or terminal) rosettes, or basal and cauline (not in rosettes), reduced on distal stem or not, often +- red. Inflorescence: generally a cyme, panicle-like, generally bracted. Flower: generally bisexual; sepals generally 3--5, generally +- free; petals generally 3--5, +- free or fused; stamens >> to = sepals, epipetalous or not; pistils generally 3--5(8), simple, fused at base or not, ovary 1-chambered, placenta 1, parietal, ovules 1--many, style 1 per pistil. Fruit: follicles, generally 3--5. Seed: 1--many, small.
Genera In Family: +- 33 genera, +- 1400 species: +- worldwide, especially dry temperate; many cultivated for ornament. Note: Water-stressed plants often +- red. Consistent terminology regarding leaves, bracts difficult; in Aeonium and Dudleya, structures in rosettes are leaves, those on peduncles are bracts, and those subtending flowers are flower bracts; thus in taxa where the inflorescence is terminal, rosette leaves may "become" bracts as stem rapidly elongates to form an inflorescence. In Sedum structures below the inflorescence are interpreted as stems and leaves, not peduncles and bracts. Seed numbers given per follicle. SCIED: Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin, Thomas J. Rosatti.
eFlora Treatment Author: Steve Boyd, except as noted
Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin, Thomas J. Rosatti.

Common Name: STONECROP
Habit: Perennial herb (annual, biennial, subshrub), rhizomes often present, stolons present or 0, sometimes from stout caudex, generally glabrous (glandular-hairy); rosettes 0 or open to dense; stolons generally leafy; stems often shedding leaves as flowering progresses; sterile shoots generally densely leafy. Leaf: fleshy, sessile, alternate or opposite (whorled), cylindrical to strongly flattened, linear to suborbicular; stem leaves ascending to reflexed; bases truncate to cordate and slightly clasping, decurrent or not; tips acute to notched. Inflorescence: terminal cymes, generally panicle-like, often head-like to flat-topped, cylindrical, or obconic, the branches sometimes raceme-like; flowers generally bracteate, the bracts like stem leaves but generally smaller. Flower: sepals, petals generally 5(4--8), sepals < petals, fused at base, blunt to acuminate; petals free or fused at base, erect to spreading; stamens generally 8 or 10, in 2 whorls, epipetalous or not; pistils (4)5(8), free or fused at base. Fruit: follicles free or fused at base, erect or spreading, style generally persisting as elongate beak, splitting along distal, inner margin. Seed: many, narrowly ellipsoid to lanceolate, ovoid, or pear-shaped, longitudinally striate or not, the surface sometimes papillate or netted, often shiny, sometimes with short narrow stalk at one or both ends, not prominently winged or adhesive.
Etymology: (Latin: to sit, referring to its low habit) Note: Sedum integrifolium (Raf.) A. Nelson (S. rosea (L.) Scop. misapplied), +- dioecious with tuberous caudex and winged seeds, moved to Rhodiola. CA reports of Sedum oreganum Nutt. from n KR based on misidentifications, but reported in s Oregon, near Siskiyou Co. border, so should be sought in n KR; keys here to Sedum patens but petals, filaments yellow, inflorescences erect in bud, rosette leaves generally shiny, rosettes 12--16 mm diam. Sedum sexangulare L. a local escape from gardens in n ScV. Sedum pinetorum Brandegee a distinct species but doubtful member of CA flora; more likely Mexican (Moran 1950 Leaflets West. Bot. 6:62--63). Structures below inflorescence interpreted here as stems, leaves, not peduncles, bracts. Individual leaves or vegetative bulblets break free, root, start new plants in some taxa. Rosette density a measure of how closely leaves packed on rosette axis and best assessed on plants in full sun; shaded or sheltered plants often have atypically loose rosettes, longer internodes. Petal tips, on freshly opened flowers, oriented 0--30 degrees from vertical called erect, 30--45 degrees from vertical called ascending, > 45 degrees called spreading. With age petals can spread more widely. In cultivation flowers sometimes have petals more widely spreading, paler than in wild populations. Sepals of most flowers elongate after flowering; descriptions give sepal lengths during flowering. Fresh petal, stamen colors given in keys. Anther, filament color often easiest to assess in flower buds, before anther dehisces; they age to darker hues, rarely can be determined on dried specimens. Herbarium collections should include leafy fertile stems, early in the flowering cycle, and note unopened anther color, angle, color of fresh petals, and what structures, if any, waxy. Color photographs of living plants from several angles often useful, as so much detail lost in challenge of preparing dried specimens.
Unabridged Note: Sedum blochmaniae Eastw., synonym of Dudleya blochmaniae. Sedum pumilum Benth., synonym of Sedella pumila. Sedum rhodiola, replacement name for Sedum rosea, misapplied in CA (see Rhodiola integrifolia). Sedum variegatum S. Watson., synonym of Dudleya variegata.
eFlora Treatment Author: Peter F. Zika, Richard E. Brainerd, Julie Kierstead, Barbara L. Wilson, Nick Otting & Steven Darington.
Reference: Zika 2014 Phytotaxa 159:111--121; Zika et al. 2018 Phytotaxa 368: 1--61

Habit: Perennial herb, rhizome stout, short or elongate, stolons present or 0. Stem: 8--48 cm, glaucous or not, glabrous; rosettes 1--6 cm diam, dense or loose in sunny sites, internodes obscured or not. Leaf: strongly flattened, rosette leaves > stem leaves, 12--51 mm, (2)7--23 mm wide, tip rounded or notched; stem leaves alternate, 6--22(28) mm, suborbicular, elliptical, oblong, or obovate, reflexed to ascending, base truncate, sometimes decurrent, or slightly clasping. Inflorescence: variable, dense or loose, flat-topped to cylindrical. Flower: calyx lobes <= 33% as long as petals, acute to acuminate; petals 7--14 mm, pale to dark pink, often with apex or margins white (almost all white), erect to ascending 15(30)° from floral axis or nearly so, tips acuminate; filaments white to pink; anthers dark red to red-orange, aging black or white. Fruit: mature follicles free, 6--12 mm, erect. Seed: 1--1.5 mm, lanceolate, striate.
Note: Petal color in a population can vary between years, sometimes deeper pink, sometimes pale pink approaching white, but the red anthers always prevent confusion with white-flowered S. oregonense, S. patens, and S. flavidum, which have yellow anthers. Diploid, with acuminate erect petal tips, compared to tetraploids formerly classified with it, S. flavidum and S. eastwoodiae, with acute ascending petal tips.