Common Name: PINK FAMILY
Habit: Annual to perennial herb; rarely dioecious (Silene), taprooted or rhizome generally slender. Leaf: simple, generally opposite (subwhorled), entire, pairs at nodes often +- connected at bases; stipules generally 0; petiole generally 0. Inflorescence: generally cyme, generally open; flowers 1--many; involucre generally 0 (present in most Dianthus, Petrorhagia). Flower: generally bisexual, radial; hypanthium often present but obscure; sepals (4)5, +- free or fused into a tube, margins generally scarious, more so on inner 2 or not, tube generally not scarious, awns generally 0; petals (4)5 or 0, generally tapered to base (or with claw long, limb expanded), entire to 2--several-lobed, limb generally without scale-like appendages adaxially, generally without ear-like lobes at base; stamens generally 10, generally fertile, generally free, generally from ovary base; nectaries 0 or 5; ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, placentas basal or free-central, styles 2--5 with 0 branches or 1 with 2--3 branches. Fruit: capsule or utricle (rarely +- dehiscent), generally sessile. Seed: appendage generally 0 (present in Moehringia).
Genera In Family: +- 100 genera, 3000 species: widespread, especially arctic, alpine, temperate northern hemisphere; some cultivated (Agrostemma, Arenaria, Atocion, Cerastium, Dianthus, Gypsophila, Lychnis, Sagina, Saponaria, Silene). Note: Apetalous Caryophyllaceae can also be keyed in Rabeler & Hartman 2005 FNANM 5:5--8. Taxa of Minuartia in TJM2 treated here in Cherleria and Sabulina; Pseudostellaria in Hartmaniella and Torreyostellaria; Vaccaria in Gypsophila; Velezia in Dianthus.
eFlora Treatment Author: Ronald L. Hartman (deceased) & Richard K. Rabeler, except as noted
Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin & Thomas J. Rosatti.

Habit: Perennial herb, erect, taprooted; dioecious. Leaf: stipules 0.8--3.5 mm, triangular, scarious, jagged to ciliate, white; blade linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate; vein 1, obscure. Inflorescence: axillary; flowers 1--4, sessile. Flower: unisexual (appearing bisexual); hypanthium in fruit conic to urn-shaped, abruptly expanded above; sepals 5, free, 1.1--2.1 mm, elliptic to round, +- glabrous, margin wide, scarious, white; petals 0; stamens 5, sterile in pistillate flower, 1--1.5 mm, oblong, petal-like, on hypanthium rim; nectaries wide; ovary sterile in staminate flower, style 3-branched in upper 1/3, +- 1.5 mm. Fruit: utricle, +- dehiscent, ovoid; valves 3, minute. Seed: 1, tan.
Etymology: (Greek: fond of high places) Note: Flower, seed suggest possible unification with Achyronychia.
eFlora Treatment Author: Ronald L. Hartman (deceased) & Richard K. Rabeler
Reference: Hartman 2005 FNANM 5:47--48