Common Name: GRASS FAMILY Habit: Annual to woody perennial herb; roots generally fibrous. Stem: generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid. Leaf: alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear, parallel-veined; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base. Inflorescence: various (of generally many spikelets). Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1--many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally +- transparent, +- enclosed by lemma. Flower: generally bisexual, minute; perianth vestigial; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose. Fruit: grain, sometimes achene- or utricle-like. Genera In Family: 650--900 genera; +- 10550 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials). Note: Generally wind-pollinated. Achnatherum, Ampelodesmos, Hesperostipa, Nassella, Piptatherum, Piptochaetium, Ptilagrostis moved to Stipa; Elytrigia, Leymus, Pascopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Taeniatherum to Elymus; Hierochloe to Anthoxanthum; Lolium, Vulpia to Festuca; Lycurus to Muhlenbergia; Monanthochloe to Distichlis; Pleuraphis to Hilaria; Rhynchelytrum to Melinis. The following taxa (in genera not included here), recorded in California from historical collections or reported in literature, are extirpated, lacking vouchers, or not considered naturalized: Acrachne racemosa (Roth) Ohwi, Allolepis texana (Vasey) Soderstr. & H.F. Decker, Amphibromus nervosus (Hook. f.) Baill., Axonopus affinis Chase, Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Coix lacryma-jobi L., Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) K. Richt., Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr., Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees, Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P. Beauv., Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard, Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & C. Rivière, Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zuccarini, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Branner & Coville, Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Wooton & Standl., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Thysanolaena latifolia (Hornem.) Honda, Tribolium obliterum (Hemsl.) Renvoize, Zea mays L., Zizania palustris L. var. interior (Fassett) Dore, Zoysia japonica Steud. Paspalum pubiflorum E. Fourn., Paspalum quadrifarium Lam., are now reported for southern California (J Bot Res Inst Texas 4:761--770). See Glossary p. 30 for illustrations of general family characteristics. eFlora Treatment Author: James P. Smith, Jr., except as noted Scientific Editor: James P. Smith, Jr., J. Travis Columbus, Dieter H. Wilken.
Common Name: REED GRASS Habit: Perennial herb, generally from rhizomes. Stem: 1--15 dm, generally not branched, +- smooth; nodes (1)2--8. Leaf: generally basal and cauline; sheath smooth or scabrous; ligule membranous; blade flat to inrolled. Inflorescence: panicle-like, open to dense; branches +- drooping to appressed; spikelets ascending to appressed. Spikelet: glumes subequal, generally lanceolate, acute to acuminate, lower generally 1-veined, upper 3-veined; floret 1, breaking above glumes; axis prolonged beyond floret, hairy; callus hairy; lemma < glumes, awned from below middle to near base, tip generally 4-toothed, veins 3--5, awn straight to twisted, bent; palea +- = lemma, thin. Etymology: (Greek: reed grass) Note: Hybridization, polyploidy (diploids unknown), and asexual seed set contribute to taxonomic difficulty. eFlora Treatment Author: Paul M. Peterson, Jeffery M. Saarela & Craig W. Greene Reference: Marr et al. 2007 FNANM 24:706--732 Unabridged Reference: Greene 1980 Ph.D. Dissertation Harvard Univ
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv.
NATIVE Habit: Cespitose, rhizomes 2--15+ cm, 1--3 mm thick, stout. Stem: 6--15 dm, generally branched below; nodes (2)3--8. Leaf: sheath glabrous to hairy; collar scabrous, rarely smooth or hairy; ligule 3--8 mm, obtuse to acute, irregularly cut, not hidden by expanded collar below; blade 3--8 mm wide, +- drooping, flat, surfaces scabrous. Inflorescence: 10--25 cm, open to dense when young; lower branches 3--8 cm, +- spreading. Spikelet: glumes 3--4.5 mm, smooth or scabrous, generally +- purple; axis 0.5--1 mm, hairs 1.5--3.2 mm; callus hairs 2--3.5(4.5) mm, dense; lemma 2.5--4.5 mm, thin, awned just below middle; awn 1--3 mm, not exserted, generally straight. Chromosomes: 2n=42--66. Note: Many forms, varieties, subspecies have been attributed to this sp. Some plants set seed asexually. Jepson eFlora Author: Paul M. Peterson, Jeffery M. Saarela & Craig W. Greene Reference: Marr et al. 2007 FNANM 24:706--732 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Calamagrostis breweri Next taxon: Calamagrostis canadensis var. canadensis
Citation for this treatment: Paul M. Peterson, Jeffery M. Saarela & Craig W. Greene 2012, Calamagrostis canadensis, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=16538, accessed on April 18, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 18, 2024.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
