Common Name: MYRSINE FAMILY Habit: Annual, perennial herb, [shrub, tree], glabrous or occasionally hairy, sometimes glandular, resin canals sometimes obvious as dark dots or streaks on stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits. Leaf: cauline, simple, alternate, opposite, subopposite, or whorled; stipules 0; petioled or not. Inflorescence: axillary, raceme, [panicle, umbel] or flowers 1 [or in whorls]. Flower: bisexual, radial; parts in 4s to 9s; calyx deeply lobed, generally green (petal-like); corolla (0) or lobes generally spreading; stamens epipetalous (or not if corolla 0), opposite corolla lobes, filaments united (or free) just distal to point of attachment to corolla, staminodes 0 [present]; ovary superior, 1-chambered, placenta free-central, style 1, stigma generally head-like. Fruit: capsule, circumscissile or 5--6-valved [drupe, drupe-like]. Seed: [1]--many. Genera In Family: +- 35 genera, 800 species: especially tropics, subtropics; some ornamental. Note: Based on molecular evidence, non-rosette terrestrial members of Primulaceae as treated in TJM (1993) removed to Myrsinaceae. Based on phylogenetic research, all California members of Myrsinaceae have been transferred to Lysimachia (Manns & Anderberg 2009 Willdenowia 39:49--54 and Cholewa 2014 Phytoneuron 2014-28: 1--2), as reflected in this revised treatment. Unabridged Note: Recent molecular work has redefined Ericales. Non-rosette, terrestrial members of Primulaceae s.l. are now widely treated in Myrsinoideae or Myrsinaceae, which are further characterized by synapomorphies of dark dots or streaks on stems, leaves, or flowers, short corolla tubes, seeds immersed in the placenta, and -- for woody members -- wood lacking rays or with only multiseriate rays. Primulaceae, Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae, and Maesaceae (a recent segregate of tropical trees) constitute a closely related, monophyletic group. Lysimachia has been recognized (even by Linnaeus) as a rather complex group with close affinities to other genera (Glaux, for instance, has been shown to be an apetalous sp. of Lysimachia). Phylogenetic research (by Arne A. Anderberg and colleagues in Europe) on this and related genera indicated that they were actually specialized taxa that had evolved within Lysimachia, so that all California members of Myrsinaceae now have been transferred to Lysimachia (Manns & Anderberg 2009 Willdenowia 39:49--54 and Cholewa 2014 Phytoneuron 2014-28: 1--2), as reflected in this revised treatment that now includes Lysimachia arvensis, Lysimachia europaea, Lysimachia latifolia, Lysimachia maritima, Lysimachia minima, and Lysimachia monelli, in addition to the two species previously treated in the genus. eFlora Treatment Author: Anita F. Cholewa Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Common Name: LOOSESTRIFE Habit: Glabrous, glandular, or hairy. Leaf: linear, lanceolate or elliptic to widely ovate, generally entire. Flower: parts in 4s to 9s, generally in 5s to 7s; corolla present or not; filaments free or fused at base. Fruit: 5--6-valved or circumscissile, +- spheric or +- ovoid. Etymology: (Greek: loose dagger) eFlora Treatment Author: Anita F. Cholewa Unabridged Reference: [Hao et al. 2004 Molec Phylogen Evol 31:323--339]
Lysimachia europaea (L.) U. Manns & Anderb.
NATIVE Habit: Perennial herb; resin canals not obvious. Stem: erect, 5--20 cm. Leaf: mostly in +- 1 whorl near stem tip, a few alternate, along stem proximal to near tip; blade 15--50 mm, elliptic to obovate, proximal smaller, scale-like; petiole generally 0 proximally on stem, present distally on stem. Inflorescence: flowers 1 in few distal-most leaf axils; pedicels > subtending leaves. Flower: calyx lobes (5-)7(-9); corolla 12--16 mm wide, generally white, lobes (5-)7(-9); stamens (5-)7(-9). Fruit: 5-valved, +- spheric. Chromosomes: 2n=84--160. Ecology: Bogs, wet areas; Elevation: generally < 10 m. Bioregional Distribution: NCo (near Crescent City, Del Norte Co.); Distribution Outside California: to Alaska, western Canada, Idaho. Flowering Time: May--Jun Synonyms: Trientalis arctica Hook.; Trientalis europaea L.; Trientalis europaea subsp. arctica (Hook.) Hultén; Jepson eFlora Author: Anita F. Cholewa Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Listed on CNPS Rare Plant Inventory Previous taxon: Lysimachia arvensis Next taxon: Lysimachia latifolia
Botanical illustration including Lysimachia europaea
Citation for this treatment: Anita F. Cholewa 2023, Lysimachia europaea, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 12, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=99405, accessed on January 22, 2025.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2025, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on January 22, 2025.
Geographic subdivisions for Lysimachia europaea:
NCo (near Crescent City, Del Norte Co.)
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
