Common Name: BROOMRAPE FAMILY Habit: Annual, perennial herb, shrub; often glandular; root-parasites, roots modified into absorptive structures. Stem: generally round in ×-section. Leaf: generally simple, generally alternate, reduced to +- fleshy scales in non-green plants lacking chlorophyll; stipules generally 0. Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1--2 in axils. Flower: bisexual; calyx lobes 0--5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed), abaxial lobes outside other lobes in bud; stamens epipetalous, 4 in 2 pairs (sometimes 1 pair sterile), additional staminode 0(1), anther sacs unequal; ovary superior, chambers 1--2, placentas 2--4, parietal, style 1, stigma lobes 0 or 2. Fruit: capsule, generally +- ovoid, loculicidal, valves 2--4. Seed: many, small, angled; surface smooth or netted. Genera In Family: +- 100 genera, 2060 species: worldwide, especially northern temperate and Africa. Note: High yield losses in many crops caused by Orobanche and Phelipanche species in Africa, Mediterranean, Middle East, and eastern Europe. Taxa of Orobanche in TJM2 treated here in Aphyllon and Phelipanche. eFlora Treatment Author: Margriet Wetherwax, except as noted Scientific Editor: Robert W. Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: GROUND-CONE Habit: Perennial herb 7--30 cm, not green (holoparasite); roots 0. Stem: erect, simple, 1--many from spheric, tuber-like base attached to host root; tuber surface covered with polygonal plates 2--3 mm diam. Leaf: true leaves 0. Inflorescence: spike-like; bracts densely overlapping; pedicels generally < 2 mm; bractlets on pedicel 0--2, linear. Flower: calyx cup-shaped, lobes tapered; corolla with ring of hairs in distal tube at base of stamens, upper lip entire or indented, margin incurved, lower lip 3-lobed; distal end of filament and anther hairy. Fruit: placenta 1 per valve. Etymology: (Jan Kops, Dutch botanist, 1765--1849) eFlora Treatment Author: Alison E.L. Colwell Reference: Gilkey 1945 Oregon State Monogr Stud Bot 9
Kopsiopsis strobilacea (A. Gray) Beck
NATIVE Habit: Plant (6)10--30 cm. Inflorescence: 4--15 cm, generally red-brown to dark +- purple (pale); largest bracts 15--20 mm. Flower: calyx lobes 0(2--4), 3--7 mm, abruptly tapered; corolla generally purple (lobe margins pale), lips 5--6 mm, +- equal, lower lip generally spreading, margins glabrous. Seed: +- 2 mm. Chromosomes: 2n=82. Ecology: Open woodland, chaparral, generally on Arctostaphylos; Elevation: < 3000 m. Bioregional Distribution: NW, CaR, n SN, SnFrB, TR, PR; Distribution Outside California: southern Oregon, Baja California. Flowering Time: Apr--Jun Note: Widely scattered, most common in NW, TR. A few populations intermediate to Kopsiopsis hookeri in corolla pubescence and bract shape occur in Siskiyou, Sonoma, Shasta cos. Synonyms: Boschniakia strobilacea A. Gray Jepson eFlora Author: Alison E.L. Colwell Reference: Gilkey 1945 Oregon State Monogr Stud Bot 9 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Kopsiopsis hookeri Next taxon: Orthocarpus
Botanical illustration including Kopsiopsis strobilacea
Citation for this treatment: Alison E.L. Colwell 2012, Kopsiopsis strobilacea, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=93802, accessed on January 24, 2025.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2025, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on January 24, 2025.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
