Common Name: SUNFLOWER FAMILY Habit: Annual to tree. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, simple to 2+ × compound. Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, resembling a flower, of several types (see below), 1--many in generally +- cyme-like cluster; each head generally with +- calyx-like involucre of 1--many series of phyllaries (involucre bracts); receptacle of head flat to conic or columnar, paleate (bearing paleae = receptacle bracts) or epaleate; flowers 1--many per head. Flower: bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, +- small, of several types (see below); calyx 0 or modified into +- persistent pappus of bristles, scales, and/or awns; corolla radial or bilateral (0), lobes generally (0)3--5; stamens 4--5, filaments generally free, generally fused to corolla at tube/throat junction, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, anther base generally rounded or cordate (deeply sagittate or with tail-like appendages), tip (= flattened appendage) generally projecting beyond pollen sac; pistil 1, 2-carpeled, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, placenta basal, style 1, tip generally +- 2-branched (except in some staminate disk flowers), branch tips truncate or generally bearing +- brush-like appendages; stigmas 2, generally on adaxial faces of style branches. Fruit: achene (also called a cypsela) (drupe in Chrysanthemoides), cylindric to ovoid, sometimes compressed, generally deciduous with pappus attached. Genera In Family: +- 1500 genera, 23000 species: worldwide, many habitats. Note: Flower and head types differ in form and sexual condition. A disk flower has a generally radial corolla, with a cylindric tube, expanded throat, and generally 5 lobes. Disk flowers are generally bisexual and fertile but occasionally staminate with reduced ovaries. Discoid heads comprise only disk flowers. A radiant head is a variant of a discoid head, with peripheral disk flower corollas expanded, often bilateral. A ray flower corolla is bilateral, generally with a slender tube and flattened petal-like ray (single lip composed of generally 3 lobes). Ray flowers are generally pistillate or sterile (occasionally lacking styles). Radiate heads have peripheral ray flowers and central disk flowers. Disciform heads superficially resemble discoid heads, with pistillate or sterile flowers that lack rays, together with or separate from disk flowers. A ligulate flower is bisexual, with a bilateral, generally ephemeral corolla and 5-lobed ligule. Liguliflorous heads comprise only ligulate flowers. See glossary p. 31 for illustrations of family characteristics. Echinops sphaerocephalus L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Gaillardia pulchella Foug., Hymenothrix loomisii S.F. Blake, Tagetes erecta L., Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze are waifs. Melampodium perfoliatum Kunth, historic urban waif. Ageratum conyzoides L., Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass., Santolina chamaecyparisus L., orth. var. are rare or uncommon escapes from cultivation. Dyssodia papposa, Ismelia carinata (Schousb.) Sch. Bip. [Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb.], Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill. are historical or extirpated waifs in California. Inula helenium L. not documented in California. Taxa of Aster in TJM (1993) treated here in Almutaster, Doellingeria, Eurybia, Ionactis, Oreostemma, Sericocarpus, Symphyotrichum; Chamomilla in Matricaria; Bahia in Hymenothrix; Cnicus in Centaurea; Conyza in Erigeron and Laennecia; Dugaldia in Hymenoxys; Erechtites in Senecio; Hymenoclea in Ambrosia; Lembertia in Monolopia; Osteospermum ecklonis in Dimorphotheca; Picris echioides in Helminthotheca; Prionopsis in Grindelia; Raillardiopsis in Anisocarpus and Carlquistia; Schkuhria multiflora in Picradeniopsis; Trimorpha in Erigeron; Venidium in Arctotis; Viguiera in Aldama and Bahiopsis; Whitneya in Arnica. Amauriopsis in TJM2 (2012) treated here in Hymenothrix; Arida in Leucosyris; Bahia in Picradeniopsis; Eucephalus in Doellingeria. Unabridged Note: Largest family of vascular plants in California and of eudicots globally. eFlora Treatment Author: David J. Keil, except as noted Scientific Editor: David J. Keil, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Habit: Perennial herb from woody base, shrub, dioecious, glabrous or finely hairy, often glandular and sticky or shiny. Stem: generally erect or ascending, round or often striate-angled, generally green. Leaf: cauline, alternate, sessile to short-petioled, linear to (ob)ovate, entire or toothed, distally occasionally reduced to bracts. Inflorescence: heads of 2 kinds, unisexual; discoid (staminate) and disciform (pistillate), 1 or in terminal or lateral raceme- or panicle-like or +- flat-topped clusters; phyllaries lanceolate to ovate, graduated in several series; receptacle flat to conic, epaleate, smooth or pitted. Staminate Flower: 8--48; corolla white to pale yellow, 5-lobed; anther tip oblong-triangular; style tips erect, club-shaped or oblong to linear, densely papillate to minutely bristly, ovary much reduced; pappus of many equal bristles. Pistillate Flower: 8--150; corolla narrowly tubular, +- white, lobes vestigial; style branches linear, +- glabrous. Fruit: +- cylindric, 5--10-ribbed; pappus of many bristles, generally elongating and exceeding phyllaries in fruit, +- white to tawny. Etymology: (Latin: Bacchus, god of wine) eFlora Treatment Author: David Bogler Reference: Sundberg & Bogler 2006 FNANM 20:23--34 Unabridged Reference: Müller 2006 Syst Bot Mono 76
NATIVE Habit: Shrub < 4 m, glabrous to minutely hairy, often sticky. Stem: 1--few, often clustered; branches few, spreading or ascending. Leaf: sessile or weakly petioled; blade < 150 mm, 3--20 mm wide, lance-elliptic, entire or serrate from base to tip, resin gland-dotted, sticky; main veins 1--3. Inflorescence: heads in terminal flat-topped or pyramidal panicle-like cluster in summer--fall-flowering pls, in smaller lateral clusters in spring-flowering plants; involucre hemispheric; phyllaries 2--4 mm, awl-shaped to lanceolate, irregularly toothed, green or +- red-tinged, tips obtuse to long-tapered. Staminate Flower: (10)17--48; corolla 4--6 mm, pappus 3--4 mm. Pistillate Flower: 50--150; corolla 2--3.5 mm. Fruit: 0.8--1.3 mm, glabrous; ribs 5; pappus 3--6 mm. Chromosomes: 2n=18. Ecology: Riparian woodland, canyon bottoms, disturbed sites, often forming thickets; Elevation: -30--2400 m. Bioregional Distribution: NW, CaRF, SNF, s SNH, Teh, GV, CW, SW, D; Distribution Outside California: to Colorado, Texas, Mexico, South America. Flowering Time: All year Note: Summer--fall-flowering forms (inflorescence terminal, leaves mostly toothed) formerly separated from winter--spring-flowering forms (inflorescence lateral, leaves +- entire). Synonyms: Baccharis glutinosa Pers., misappl. Jepson eFlora Author: David Bogler Reference: Sundberg & Bogler 2006 FNANM 20:23--34 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Baccharis plummerae subsp. plummerae Next taxon: Baccharis salicina
Botanical illustration including Baccharis salicifolia subsp. salicifolia
Citation for this treatment: David Bogler 2012, Baccharis salicifolia subsp. salicifolia, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=91889, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.
MAP CONTROLS 1. You can change the display of the base map layer control box in the upper right-hand corner.
2. County and Jepson Region polygons can be turned off and on using the check boxes.
(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
MAP LEGEND View all CCH records All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
READ ABOUT YELLOW FLAGS
CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).