Common Name: EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY Habit: Annual to perennial herb (to tree). Leaf: cauline or basal, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally simple and toothed (to pinnately compound); stipules 0 or generally deciduous. Inflorescence: spike, raceme, panicle, or flowers 1 in axils; bracted. Flower: generally bisexual, generally radial, often opening at either dawn or dusk; hypanthium generally prolonged beyond ovary (measured from ovary tip to sepal base); sepals 4(2--7); petals 4(2--7, rarely 0), often fading darker; stamens 2 × or = sepals in number, anthers 2-chambered, opening lengthwise, pollen interconnected by threads; ovary inferior, chambers generally as many as sepals (sometimes becoming 1), placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1--many per chamber, style 1, stigma 4-lobed (or lobes as many as sepals), club-shaped, spheric, or hemispheric. Fruit: capsule, loculicidal (sometimes berry or indehiscent and nut-like). Seed: sometimes winged or hair-tufted. Genera In Family: 22 genera, +- 657 species: worldwide, especially western North America; many cultivated (Clarkia, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Oenothera). Note:Gaura moved to Oenothera. Fuchsia magellanica Lam. naturalized in northern California. eFlora Treatment Author: Warren L. Wagner & Peter C. Hoch, family description, key to genera, treatment of genera by Warren L. Wagner, except as noted Scientific Editor: Robert W. Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Habit: Annual to subshrub, from taproot. Leaf: basal and cauline, alternate, simple, generally narrowly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic to ovate. Inflorescence: spike, nodding in bud, generally flower from basal-most to distal nodes. Flower: opening at dawn; sepals 4, reflexed singly or in fused pairs; petals 4, yellow, fading red, generally with 1+ red basal spots, with no ultraviolet pattern; stamens 8, longer opposite sepals, anthers attached at middle, pollen grains 3-angled except in polyploid taxa at 20×; ovary chambers 4, stigma +- spheric or hemispheric, exceeding anthers and cross-pollinated or +- = anthers and self-pollinated. Fruit: 4-angled at least when dry, generally proximally thick, contorted or curled 1--5 times, or straight, not swollen by seeds, sessile. Seed: in 1 row per chamber, narrowly obovoid, flattened, dull brown-black. Etymology: (Greek: like Camissonia) Note: Polyploidy and self-pollination have predominated in evolution of genus. Incl in Camissonia in TJM (1993). eFlora Treatment Author: Warren L. Wagner Reference: Wagner et al. 2007 Syst Bot Monogr 83:1--240 Unabridged Reference: Raven 1969 Contr US Natl Herb 37:161--396
Camissoniopsis bistorta (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) W.L. Wagner & Hoch
NATIVE Habit: Annual or short-lived perennial herb, rosetted; strigose or hairs spreading, in inflorescence short, erect. Stem: decumbent to +- ascending, 50--80 cm, peeling. Leaf: 12--120 mm, petioled or distal generally +- sessile; cauline generally lanceolate (linear), minutely dentate to +- entire. Flower: hypanthium 2--5(7.5) mm; sepals (2.3)5--8(11) mm; petals (4.2)7--15 mm, basal spots generally 1--2; stigma exceeding anthers. Fruit: 12--40 mm, 1.5--2.5 mm wide, +- 4-angled, generally straight or slightly wavy and twisted. Seed: 0.9--1 mm. Chromosomes: 2n=14. Ecology: Sandy fields near coast or clay soils in grassland to openings in coastal-sage scrub or chaparral; Elevation: < 600 m. Bioregional Distribution: SW; Distribution Outside California: northern Baja California. Flowering Time: Mar--Jun Note: Cross-pollinated. Intergrades with Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia subsp. suffruticosa. Synonyms: Camissonia bistorta (Nutt. Ex Torr. & A. Gray) P.H. Raven; Oenothera bistorta Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray; Oenothera bistorta var. veitchiana Hook.; Oenothera heterophylla Spach Jepson eFlora Author: Warren L. Wagner Reference: Wagner et al. 2007 Syst Bot Monogr 83:1--240 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Camissoniopsis Next taxon: Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia
Botanical illustration including Camissoniopsis bistorta
Citation for this treatment: Warren L. Wagner 2012, Camissoniopsis bistorta, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=89196, accessed on December 02, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 02, 2024.
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