Common Name: BELLFLOWER FAMILY Habit: Annual to perennial herb [tree]. Leaf: generally cauline, generally simple, generally alternate, petioled or not; stipules 0. Inflorescence: cyme, panicle, raceme, spike, or flowers 1; terminal or in axils of leaf-like or reduced bracts. Flower: bisexual, cleistogamous or open, radial or bilateral, inverted (pedicel twisted 180°) or not; hypanthium generally present, +- fused to ovary; sepals generally 5; corolla radial to 2-lipped, petals generally fused, tube deeply divided on 1 side or not, lobes generally 5; stamens 5, free or +- fused (anthers, filaments fused into tube or filaments fused above middle); ovary inferior or 1/2 inferior (superior in fruit), chambers 1--3, placentas axile or parietal, ovules many, style generally 1, 2--5-branched. Fruit: generally capsule, open on sides or top by pores or short valves. Seed: many. Genera In Family: +- 90 genera, +- 2500 species: worldwide. Note: Some cultivated for ornament (Campanula, Jasione, Lobelia). Subfamilies sometimes treated as families. Positions of flower parts given after flowering inversion, if any. Parishella moved to Nemacladus. eFlora Treatment Author: Nancy R. Morin, except as noted Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Habit: Annual, from taproot. Stem: prostrate, decumbent, or erect; base generally +- brown or +- purple; branches 0 or below middle. Leaf: basal; petiole short or 0. Inflorescence: +- raceme-like; bract 1 per flower, small; pedicel generally thread-like. Flower: inverted or not; sepals linear to triangular; corolla +- radial or 2-lipped, lobes 5; filaments free at base, fused into tube around style distally, appendages attached to a stalk or directly on 2 adjacent filaments, each with 2--12 cells, anthers free, all alike; ovary superior to 1/2 inferior, hemispheric to obconic, nectary glands 3, mounded or donut-like, on free part of ovary, stigma 2-lobed, papillate. Fruit: generally > hypanthium, hemispheric to fusiform, top pointed or rounded, chambers 2; open at top generally by 2 valves (or circumscissile). Seed: elliptic to oblong. Etymology: (Greek: thread-like branch) Note: In descriptions, "filaments" including both free and fused parts thereof. Unabridged Note: Taxonomic changes from TJM (1993) based on ITS, atpB, morphology. Parishella californica nested within Nemacladus, in which it is here treated. Reference: Morin 2008 J Bot Res Inst Texas 2:397--400 Unabridged Reference: McVaugh 1942 N Amer Flora 32A:1--134
Nemacladus orientalis (McVaugh) Morin
NATIVE Habit: Erect, 5--25 cm, branched from base. Stem: stiffly ascending. Leaf: 3--16 mm, oblanceolate to elliptic, toothed or pinnately lobed, hairy, tapered to petiole. Inflorescence: axis +- straight; bracts 1--6 mm, spreading, lanceolate to ovate; pedicels 6--16 mm, 0.1 mm diam, stiffly ascending, straight to tip. Flower: not inverted; hypanthium +- 1 mm; sepals 0.8--2.3 mm, linear-elliptic to +- deltate, erect; corolla 2-lipped, divided +- to base, white, lobes oblanceolate, 3 adaxial erect, 1.3--2.5 mm, maroon at tips, ciliate, 2 abaxial 1.3--2.5 mm; filaments 1--2 mm, declined, tip +- curved, glabrous, appendages stout stalks, cells blunt, anthers 0.2--0.4 mm; ovaries 1/3--1/2-inferior. Fruit: +- 2--4 mm, base rounded, tip acute. Seed: +- 0.5 mm, cylindric, with impressed, vertical lines crossed by fine transverse lines. Ecology: Dry slopes, sandy soils, washes; Elevation: < 2400 m. Bioregional Distribution: SCoRI, SnGb, n SnBr, SNE, D; Distribution Outside California: to Utah, New Mexico, Baja California. Flowering Time: Mar--May Synonyms: Nemacladus glanduliferus Jeps. var. orientalis McVaugh Jepson eFlora Author: Nancy R. Morin Reference: Morin 2008 J Bot Res Inst Texas 2:397--400 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Nemacladus montanus Next taxon: Nemacladus pinnatifidus
Citation for this treatment: Nancy R. Morin 2012, Nemacladus orientalis, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=88823, accessed on December 02, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 02, 2024.
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).