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Vascular Plants of California
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Listera banksiana

NORTHWEST TWAYBLADE


Higher Taxonomy
Family: OrchidaceaeView DescriptionDichotomous Key
Common Name: ORCHID FAMILY
Habit: Perennial herb, terrestrial [growing on other pls], non-green (nutrition from association of roots with fungi) or green, generally from rhizomes or tubers with few to many fleshy to slender roots; cauline leaves +- reduced to sheathing stem bracts or not. Leaf: 1--many, basal to cauline, linear to +- round, alternate to opposite (if only 1 pair), generally sessile. Inflorescence: flowers 1--many, spike or raceme, bracted. Flower: bisexual, bilateral, in bud generally rotating 180° by twisting ovary (position of parts indicated after twisting); sepals generally 3, generally free, generally petal-like, uppermost generally erect, lateral with chin- or spur-like projection (mentum) or not; petals 3, 1 (lip) different, spurred or not; stamens generally 1 (3 in Cypripedium, 2 functional, 1 a staminode), fused with style, stigma into column, pollen generally lumped, generally removed as unit by insect; ovary inferior, 1-chambered, placentas 3, parietal, stigma 3 lobed, generally under column tip. Fruit: capsule. Seed: many, minute.
Genera In Family: +- 800 genera, +- 25000 species: especially tropics (worldwide except Antarctica). Many cultivated for ornament, especially Cattleya, Cymbidium, Epidendrum, Oncidium, Paphiopedilum; Vanilla planifolia Andrews fruits used to flavor food. Note: Platanthera may be paraphyletic without inclusion of Piperia (Bateman et al. 2009 Ann Bot 104:431--445); study needed.
eFlora Treatment Author: Ronald A. Coleman, Dieter H. Wilken & William F. Jennings, except as noted
Scientific Editor: Ronald A. Coleman, Thomas J. Rosatti.
Genus: ListeraView DescriptionDichotomous Key


Common Name: TWAYBLADE
Habit: Rhizomes slender. Leaf: cauline, 2, +- opposite, generally ovate to +- round. Inflorescence: raceme, +- open; flower bract < flower. Flower: sepals +- equal, green to +- purple, lower spreading; lateral petals +- like sepals, ascending to erect; lip generally > sepals, petals, spreading to descending, generally wedge-shaped, flat, tip entire to deeply lobed; column subcylindric, straight to curved, anther at tip. Fruit: generally spreading.
Etymology: (Martin Lister, English naturalist, 1638--1711) Note: Names available in Neottia (earlier name), with same epithets, for all California taxa if Listera treated as congeneric with that genus.
eFlora Treatment Author: Ronald A. Coleman, L.K. Magrath, Dieter H. Wilken & William F. Jennings
Reference: Coleman 1995 Wild Orchids Calif. Cornell Univ
Listera banksiana Lindl.
NATIVE
Habit: Plant 10--30 cm. Leaf: blade 2.5--7 cm, base abruptly tapered or rounded. Inflorescence: 2--5 cm. Flower: sepals 3--4 mm; lip 4.5--7 mm, +- oblanceolate, tapered to base, base generally with 2 thread-like teeth, tip rounded, +- entire; column 1.5--2.5 mm.
Ecology: Moist, shady conifer forest; Elevation: 100--1900 m. Bioregional Distribution: NCo, KR; Distribution Outside California: to Alaska, Montana, Wyoming. Flowering Time: Apr--Jun
Synonyms: Listera caurina Piper; Listera retusa Suksd.
Jepson eFlora Author: Ronald A. Coleman, L.K. Magrath, Dieter H. Wilken & William F. Jennings
Reference: Coleman 1995 Wild Orchids Calif. Cornell Univ
Unabridged Reference: Fernald & Schubert 1948 Rhodora 50: 231--233; Brown 2006 Wild Orchids of the Pacific Northwest and Canadian Rockies. University of Florida Press. xiv + 287 pp.
Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)

Previous taxon: Listera
Next taxon: Listera convallarioides

Botanical illustration including Listera banksianabotanical illustration including Listera banksiana


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Citation for this treatment: Ronald A. Coleman, L.K. Magrath, Dieter H. Wilken & William F. Jennings 2012, Listera banksiana, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=81820, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Listera banksiana
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©2017 Barry Rice
Listera banksiana
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©2014 Barry Rice
Listera banksiana
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©2014 Barry Rice
Listera banksiana
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©2016 Barry Rice
Listera banksiana
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©2008 Gary A. Monroe

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Geographic subdivisions for Listera banksiana:
NCo, KR
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map of distribution 1

(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).






 

Data provided by the participants of the  Consortium of California Herbaria.

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All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
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CCH collections by month Flowering-Fruiting Monthly Counts

Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).