Jepson Herbarium
The University and Jepson Herbaria
University of California, Berkeley
Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
Vascular Plants of California
Key to families | Table of families and genera
Previous taxon Index to accepted names and synonyms:
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M |
| N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
Next taxon

Schoenoplectus pungens var. longispicatus

COMMON THREE-SQUARE BULRUSH


Higher Taxonomy
Family: CyperaceaeView DescriptionDichotomous Key
Common Name: SEDGE FAMILY
Habit: Annual, perennial herb, often rhizomed or stoloned, often of wet open places; roots fibrous; monoecious, dioecious, or flowers bisexual. Stem: generally 3-sided, generally solid. Leaf: generally 3-ranked; base sheathing, sheath generally closed, ligule generally 0; blade (0 or) linear, parallel-veined. Inflorescence: spikelets generally arranged in head-, spike-, raceme-, or panicle-like inflorescences; flower generally sessile in axil of flower bract, enclosed in a sac-like structure (perigynium) or generally not. Flower: unisexual or bisexual, small, generally wind-pollinated; perianth 0 or generally bristle like; stamens generally 3, anthers attached at base, 4 chambered; ovary superior, chamber 1, ovule 1, style 2--3(4)-branched. Fruit: achene, 2--3 sided.
Genera In Family: +- 100 genera, 5000 species: especially temperate. Note: Difficult; taxa differ in technical characters of inflorescence, fruit. In Carex and Kobresia, what appear to be individual pistillate flowers in fact are highly reduced inflorescences (whether or not the same applies to staminate flowers is still under debate). In some other works (e.g., FNANM) these are called spikelets, and they are treated as being arranged in spikes. Here and in TJM (1993), what appear to be individual pistillate flowers are called pistillate flowers in Carex (and they are treated as being arranged in spikelets), but spikelets in Kobresia (and they are treated as being arranged into spikes). Though internally inconsistent, the approach here is consistent with traditional usage, and reflects a preference for character states that may be determined in the field. Molecular, morphological, and embryological evidence indicates that Eriophorum crinigerum is to be segregated to a new genus, as Calliscirpus criniger (A. Gray) C.N. Gilmour et al., along with a second, newly described species, Calliscirpus brachythrix C.N. Gilmour et al. (Gilmour et al. 2013); key to genera modified by Peter W. Ball to include Calliscirpus.
eFlora Treatment Author: S. Galen Smith, except as noted
Scientific Editor: S. Galen Smith, Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Genus: SchoenoplectusView DescriptionDichotomous Key


Common Name: NAKED-STEMMED BULRUSHES
Habit: Generally perennial herb, generally erect, generally with long, scaly rhizomes; stem, leaf generally with air cavities. Stem: simple, smooth, (wiry). Leaf: generally all basal, whorled or 3-ranked; blade generally present, at least on distal sheath, smooth, or margin minute-scabrous; sheath closed, long; ligule glabrous. Inflorescence: terminal, branch stems often scabrous, main inflorescence bract like leaf blade; spikelets ovate, not +- flat, many-flowered; flower bracts spiraled, each with 1 flower in axil, ovate, 1-veined, brown to straw, dull, often fine-lined-spotted, membranous, generally +- scabrous, tip generally notched, generally with short awn. Flower: bisexual; perianth bristles +- straight, +- <= fruit, generally brown, reflexed-barbed (or with soft hairs) [(smooth)]; stamens generally 3; style 1, thread-like, base not enlarged, stigmas 2--3. Fruit: generally obovate, brown, generally smooth, mucronate; tubercle 0.
Etymology: (Greek, schoenos, a rush, reed, and plectos, plaited, twisted, woven, in reference to the use of stems in making useful objects)
eFlora Treatment Author: S. Galen Smith
Reference: Smith 2002 FNANM 23:44--60
Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla var. longispicatus (Britton) S.G. Sm.
NATIVE
Habit: Perennial herb 1--20 dm; rhizome long, 1--6 mm diam. Stem: 1--6 mm diam, sides 3, flat (to deep-concave), edges sharp. Leaf: blades 2--6, +- 3-sided to +- flat, distal (1)2--5 × sheath, 2--9 mm wide, sheath not splitting. Inflorescence: head-like; inflorescence bracts 1--2, generally erect, 1--20 cm; spikelets 1--5(10), 5--23 mm, 3--5(7) mm wide; flower bract 3.5--6 mm, midrib, awn often sparse-scabrous, sparse-deciduous-ciliate, tip notch (0.3)0.5--1 mm, awn 0.5--2.5 mm, generally irregularly bent. Flower: perianth bristles (4)6(8), vestigial to = fruit; stigmas 3. Fruit: (2)2.5--3.5 mm, 1.3--2.3 mm wide, 3-sided, smooth.
Ecology: Fresh or brackish marshes, shores, fens; Elevation: < 2400 m. Bioregional Distribution: NCo, SN, SnJV, CW, SCo, GB, D; Distribution Outside California: to eastern United States, southeastern Canada, Mexico, also South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand. Flowering Time: Late spring--summer
Synonyms: Scirpus americanus Pers. var. longispicatus Britton; Scirpus americanus subsp. monophyllus (J. Presl & C. Presl) T. Koyama, in part; Scirpus pungens Vahl, in part; Schoenoplectus pungens var. badius (J. Presl & C. Presl) S.G. Sm.
Unabridged Note: Schoenoplectus pungens var. badius only differs in its dark chestnut flower bracts, coastal range, and so is not recognized here. Schoenoplectus pungens var. pungens in eastern North America, Europe.
Jepson eFlora Author: S. Galen Smith
Reference: Smith 2002 FNANM 23:44--60
Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)

Previous taxon: Schoenoplectus mucronatus
Next taxon: Schoenoplectus saximontanus

Botanical illustration including Schoenoplectus pungens var. longispicatusbotanical illustration including Schoenoplectus pungens var. longispicatus


Please use this Google Form for Contact/Feedback

Citation for this treatment: S. Galen Smith 2012, Schoenoplectus pungens var. longispicatus, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=81092, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Schoenoplectus pungens  
var. longispicatus
click for image enlargement
©2007 Neal Kramer
Schoenoplectus pungens  
var. longispicatus
click for image enlargement
©2004 Steve Matson
Schoenoplectus pungens  
var. longispicatus
click for image enlargement
©2016 Neal Kramer
Schoenoplectus pungens  
var. longispicatus
click for image enlargement
©2015 Neal Kramer
Schoenoplectus pungens  
var. longispicatus
click for image enlargement
©2018 Neal Kramer

More photos of Schoenoplectus pungens var. longispicatus
in CalPhotos



Geographic subdivisions for Schoenoplectus pungens var. longispicatus:
NCo, SN, SnJV, CW, SCo, GB, D
MAP CONTROLS
1. You can change the display of the base map layer control box in the upper right-hand corner.
2. County and Jepson Region polygons can be turned off and on using the check boxes.
map of distribution 1

(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).






 

Data provided by the participants of the  Consortium of California Herbaria.

MAP LEGEND
View all CCH records
All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
READ ABOUT YELLOW FLAGS

CCH collections by month Flowering-Fruiting Monthly Counts

Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).