Common Name: SEDGE FAMILY Habit: Annual, perennial herb, often rhizomed or stoloned, often of wet open places; roots fibrous; monoecious, dioecious, or flowers bisexual. Stem: generally 3-sided, generally solid. Leaf: generally 3-ranked; base sheathing, sheath generally closed, ligule generally 0; blade (0 or) linear, parallel-veined. Inflorescence: spikelets generally arranged in head-, spike-, raceme-, or panicle-like inflorescences; flower generally sessile in axil of flower bract, enclosed in a sac-like structure (perigynium) or generally not. Flower: unisexual or bisexual, small, generally wind-pollinated; perianth 0 or generally bristle like; stamens generally 3, anthers attached at base, 4 chambered; ovary superior, chamber 1, ovule 1, style 2--3(4)-branched. Fruit: achene, 2--3 sided. Genera In Family: +- 100 genera, 5000 species: especially temperate. Note: Difficult; taxa differ in technical characters of inflorescence, fruit. In Carex and Kobresia, what appear to be individual pistillate flowers in fact are highly reduced inflorescences (whether or not the same applies to staminate flowers is still under debate). In some other works (e.g., FNANM) these are called spikelets, and they are treated as being arranged in spikes. Here and in TJM (1993), what appear to be individual pistillate flowers are called pistillate flowers in Carex (and they are treated as being arranged in spikelets), but spikelets in Kobresia (and they are treated as being arranged into spikes). Though internally inconsistent, the approach here is consistent with traditional usage, and reflects a preference for character states that may be determined in the field. Molecular, morphological, and embryological evidence indicates that Eriophorum crinigerum is to be segregated to a new genus, as Calliscirpus criniger (A. Gray) C.N. Gilmour et al., along with a second, newly described species, Calliscirpus brachythrix C.N. Gilmour et al. (Gilmour et al. 2013); key to genera modified by Peter W. Ball to include Calliscirpus. eFlora Treatment Author: S. Galen Smith, except as noted Scientific Editor: S. Galen Smith, Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: NAKED-STEMMED BULRUSHES Habit: Generally perennial herb, generally erect, generally with long, scaly rhizomes; stem, leaf generally with air cavities. Stem: simple, smooth, (wiry). Leaf: generally all basal, whorled or 3-ranked; blade generally present, at least on distal sheath, smooth, or margin minute-scabrous; sheath closed, long; ligule glabrous. Inflorescence: terminal, branch stems often scabrous, main inflorescence bract like leaf blade; spikelets ovate, not +- flat, many-flowered; flower bracts spiraled, each with 1 flower in axil, ovate, 1-veined, brown to straw, dull, often fine-lined-spotted, membranous, generally +- scabrous, tip generally notched, generally with short awn. Flower: bisexual; perianth bristles +- straight, +- <= fruit, generally brown, reflexed-barbed (or with soft hairs) [(smooth)]; stamens generally 3; style 1, thread-like, base not enlarged, stigmas 2--3. Fruit: generally obovate, brown, generally smooth, mucronate; tubercle 0. Etymology: (Greek, schoenos, a rush, reed, and plectos, plaited, twisted, woven, in reference to the use of stems in making useful objects) eFlora Treatment Author: S. Galen Smith Reference: Smith 2002 FNANM 23:44--60
Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller
NATIVE Habit: Perennial herb 0.4--2.5 m; rhizome long, 2--5 mm diam. Stem: 3--10 mm diam, sides 3, deep-concave (flat), edges sharp. Leaf: blades 1--3, < 1.5 × sheath, 2--8 mm wide, 3-sided toward tip, +- flat; sheath not splitting. Inflorescence: head-like; inflorescence bract generally erect, 1--6 cm; spikelets 2--20, 5--15 mm, 3--5 mm wide; flower bract 3--4 mm, tip notch 0.1--0.4 mm, awn 0.2--0.6 mm, often sparse-scabrous. Flower: perianth bristles (2)5--6(7), <= fruit; stigmas 2--3. Fruit: 1.8--2.8 mm, 1.3--2 mm wide, 2- or obscure-3-sided, smooth. Chromosomes: 2n=78. Ecology: Mineral-rich or brackish marshes, shores, fens, springs; Elevation: < 2200 m. Bioregional Distribution: KR, NCoRO, CaRH, GV, SnFrB, SW, GB, D; Distribution Outside California: to British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Florida; Mexico to South America. Flowering Time: Summer Note: Hybrids with Schoenoplectus pungens intermediate between parental species, forming persistent clones, rare in California. Synonyms: Scirpus americanus Pers.; Scirpus olneyi A. Gray Jepson eFlora Author: S. Galen Smith Reference: Smith 2002 FNANM 23:44--60 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Schoenoplectus acutus var. occidentalis Next taxon: Schoenoplectus californicus
Citation for this treatment: S. Galen Smith 2012, Schoenoplectus americanus, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=80328, accessed on December 02, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 02, 2024.
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