Common Name: SUNFLOWER FAMILY Habit: Annual to tree. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, simple to 2+ × compound. Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, resembling a flower, of several types (see below), 1--many in generally +- cyme-like cluster; each head generally with +- calyx-like involucre of 1--many series of phyllaries (involucre bracts); receptacle of head flat to conic or columnar, paleate (bearing paleae = receptacle bracts) or epaleate; flowers 1--many per head. Flower: bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, +- small, of several types (see below); calyx 0 or modified into +- persistent pappus of bristles, scales, and/or awns; corolla radial or bilateral (0), lobes generally (0)3--5; stamens 4--5, filaments generally free, generally fused to corolla at tube/throat junction, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, anther base generally rounded or cordate (deeply sagittate or with tail-like appendages), tip (= flattened appendage) generally projecting beyond pollen sac; pistil 1, 2-carpeled, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, placenta basal, style 1, tip generally +- 2-branched (except in some staminate disk flowers), branch tips truncate or generally bearing +- brush-like appendages; stigmas 2, generally on adaxial faces of style branches. Fruit: achene (also called a cypsela) (drupe in Chrysanthemoides), cylindric to ovoid, sometimes compressed, generally deciduous with pappus attached. Genera In Family: +- 1500 genera, 23000 species: worldwide, many habitats. Note: Flower and head types differ in form and sexual condition. A disk flower has a generally radial corolla, with a cylindric tube, expanded throat, and generally 5 lobes. Disk flowers are generally bisexual and fertile but occasionally staminate with reduced ovaries. Discoid heads comprise only disk flowers. A radiant head is a variant of a discoid head, with peripheral disk flower corollas expanded, often bilateral. A ray flower corolla is bilateral, generally with a slender tube and flattened petal-like ray (single lip composed of generally 3 lobes). Ray flowers are generally pistillate or sterile (occasionally lacking styles). Radiate heads have peripheral ray flowers and central disk flowers. Disciform heads superficially resemble discoid heads, with pistillate or sterile flowers that lack rays, together with or separate from disk flowers. A ligulate flower is bisexual, with a bilateral, generally ephemeral corolla and 5-lobed ligule. Liguliflorous heads comprise only ligulate flowers. See glossary p. 31 for illustrations of family characteristics. Echinops sphaerocephalus L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Gaillardia pulchella Foug., Hymenothrix loomisii S.F. Blake, Tagetes erecta L., Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze are waifs. Melampodium perfoliatum Kunth, historic urban waif. Ageratum conyzoides L., Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass., Santolina chamaecyparisus L., orth. var. are rare or uncommon escapes from cultivation. Dyssodia papposa, Ismelia carinata (Schousb.) Sch. Bip. [Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb.], Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill. are historical or extirpated waifs in California. Inula helenium L. not documented in California. Taxa of Aster in TJM (1993) treated here in Almutaster, Doellingeria, Eurybia, Ionactis, Oreostemma, Sericocarpus, Symphyotrichum; Chamomilla in Matricaria; Bahia in Hymenothrix; Cnicus in Centaurea; Conyza in Erigeron and Laennecia; Dugaldia in Hymenoxys; Erechtites in Senecio; Hymenoclea in Ambrosia; Lembertia in Monolopia; Osteospermum ecklonis in Dimorphotheca; Picris echioides in Helminthotheca; Prionopsis in Grindelia; Raillardiopsis in Anisocarpus and Carlquistia; Schkuhria multiflora in Picradeniopsis; Trimorpha in Erigeron; Venidium in Arctotis; Viguiera in Aldama and Bahiopsis; Whitneya in Arnica. Amauriopsis in TJM2 (2012) treated here in Hymenothrix; Arida in Leucosyris; Bahia in Picradeniopsis; Eucephalus in Doellingeria. Unabridged Note: Largest family of vascular plants in California and of eudicots globally. eFlora Treatment Author: David J. Keil, except as noted Scientific Editor: David J. Keil, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: COTTONLEAF, CUDWEED Habit: Annual to perennial herb, generally fibrous-rooted, often from rhizome or stolon. Stem: generally 1, erect, thinly and persistently white-tomentose. Leaf: basal and cauline, sometimes in rosettes, alternate, linear to (ob)lanceolate or spoon-shaped, narrowed or expanded at base, entire, adaxially generally green, +- glabrous, abaxially generally silvery-tomentose. Inflorescence: heads disciform, generally in terminal cluster subtended by leafy bracts, sometimes with axillary clusters, rarely 1; involucre cylindric to narrowly bell-shaped; phyllaries graduated in 3--4+ series, generally straw-colored to +- brown, sometimes +- pink or purple, transparent, base not glandular, distally stiff-papery; receptacle flat, smooth, epaleate. Pistillate Flower: 16--150; corolla narrowly tubular, +- purple or distally so. Disk Flower: 1--7; corolla purple or distally so; anther base tailed, tip +- triangular; style tip truncate, hair-tufted. Fruit: obovate-elliptic, slightly flattened, faces with minute, club-shaped papillae or hairs; pappus bristles in 1 series, deciduous, free or basally fused. Etymology: (Greek: true tunic, for bracts closely subtending head cluster) eFlora Treatment Author: Guy L. Nesom Reference: Nesom 2006 FNANM 19:440--442 Unabridged Reference: Nesom 2002 Sida 20:515--521
Euchiton sphaericus (Willd.) Holub
NATURALIZED Habit: Annual, taprooted, stolons 0. Stem: 5--80 cm, simple or basally branched, sometimes branched from leaf axils. Leaf: basal and proximal cauline withering before flowers, blade oblanceolate to spoon-shaped, 1-veined; cauline 8--12, 2--4 cm, 1--2 mm wide, blade linear, largest at mid-stem, base expanded, margins sometimes wavy. Inflorescence: head clusters spheric, 10--20 mm diam; bracts subtending heads 4--8, 10--30 mm, surpassing heads; involucre 3.5--4 mm; phyllaries +- brown to tawny, sometimes purple-tinged, lance-elliptic, tips acute. Pistillate Flower: 16--26. Disk Flower: 1. Fruit: pappus bristles free or basally fused, falling in groups. Chromosomes: 2n=28. Ecology: Grassy openings in wooded areas, disturbed soils, recent clearings; Elevation: 30--700 m. Bioregional Distribution: KR, NCoRO, NCoRH; Distribution Outside California: Oregon; southeastern Asia, Pacific islands; native to Australia. Flowering Time: Jul--Oct Synonyms: Gnaphalium japonicum Thunb., misappl. Jepson eFlora Author: Guy L. Nesom Reference: Nesom 2006 FNANM 19:440--442 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Euchiton involucratus Next taxon: Euphrosyne
Botanical illustration including Euchiton sphaericus
Citation for this treatment: Guy L. Nesom 2012, Euchiton sphaericus, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=79997, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.
No expert verified images found for Euchiton sphaericus.
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