Common Name: GRASS FAMILY Habit: Annual to woody perennial herb; roots generally fibrous. Stem: generally round, hollow; nodes swollen, solid. Leaf: alternate, 2-ranked, generally linear, parallel-veined; sheath generally open; ligule membranous or hairy, at blade base. Inflorescence: various (of generally many spikelets). Spikelet: glumes generally 2; florets (lemma, palea, flower) 1--many; lemma generally membranous, sometimes glume-like; palea generally +- transparent, +- enclosed by lemma. Flower: generally bisexual, minute; perianth vestigial; stamens generally 3; stigmas generally 2, generally plumose. Fruit: grain, sometimes achene- or utricle-like. Genera In Family: 650--900 genera; +- 10550 species: worldwide; greatest economic importance of any family (wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, sugar cane, forage crops, ornamental, weeds; thatching, weaving, building materials). Note: Generally wind-pollinated. Achnatherum, Ampelodesmos, Hesperostipa, Nassella, Piptatherum, Piptochaetium, Ptilagrostis moved to Stipa; Elytrigia, Leymus, Pascopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Taeniatherum to Elymus; Hierochloe to Anthoxanthum; Lolium, Vulpia to Festuca; Lycurus to Muhlenbergia; Monanthochloe to Distichlis; Pleuraphis to Hilaria; Rhynchelytrum to Melinis. The following taxa (in genera not included here), recorded in California from historical collections or reported in literature, are extirpated, lacking vouchers, or not considered naturalized: Acrachne racemosa (Roth) Ohwi, Allolepis texana (Vasey) Soderstr. & H.F. Decker, Amphibromus nervosus (Hook. f.) Baill., Axonopus affinis Chase, Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Coix lacryma-jobi L., Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) K. Richt., Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr., Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees, Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P. Beauv., Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard, Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & C. Rivière, Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zuccarini, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Branner & Coville, Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Wooton & Standl., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Thysanolaena latifolia (Hornem.) Honda, Tribolium obliterum (Hemsl.) Renvoize, Zea mays L., Zizania palustris L. var. interior (Fassett) Dore, Zoysia japonica Steud. Paspalum pubiflorum E. Fourn., Paspalum quadrifarium Lam., are now reported for southern California (J Bot Res Inst Texas 4:761--770). See Glossary p. 30 for illustrations of general family characteristics. eFlora Treatment Author: James P. Smith, Jr., except as noted Scientific Editor: James P. Smith, Jr., J. Travis Columbus, Dieter H. Wilken.
Common Name: GRAMA Habit: Annual, perennial herb, generally cespitose. Stem: solid, generally glabrous. Leaf: generally basal; ligule generally < 1 mm, generally hairy; blade flat to inrolled, adaxial surface generally puberulent or short-hairy, often ciliate near ligule, hairs long, bulbous-based. Inflorescence: generally panicle-like; branches spike-like, 1 per node, persistent or deciduous in fruit; spikelets 2-rowed on 1 side of axis, overlapping. Spikelet: sessile or short-stalked, +- cylindric to laterally compressed; glumes generally unequal, generally lanceolate, 1-veined, upper glume firmer than lower; axis (if inflorescence branch persistent) breaking between glumes and lower floret; florets generally 2--3, lower floret bisexual, > upper, upper floret(s) generally reduced, sterile; lemma 3-veined, generally 3-awned, awns straight, scabrous; palea +- = lemma. Etymology: (Claudio (b. 1774) and Esteban (b. 1776) Boutelou, Spanish botanists, horticulturists) Note: Many species important for forage. eFlora Treatment Author: J. Travis Columbus Reference: Columbus 1999 Aliso 18:61--65
Bouteloua barbata Lag. var. barbata
NATIVE Habit: Annual. Stem: prostrate to erect, 0.3--3 dm. Leaf: blade < 6 cm, < 2 mm wide. Inflorescence: branches 2--8, 6--25 mm, spreading to appressed, persistent in fruit; branch axis terminated by spikelet, base glabrous or puberulent; spikelets 7--40 per branch, spreading to ascending, breaking apart between glumes and lower floret. Spikelet: upper glume 1.5--3 mm, glabrous or puberulent, tip notched, awned from sinus < 1 mm; florets 2--3, lower floret lemma +- = upper glume, hairy below middle, tip 2-lobed, awns 0.5--3 mm, +- equal, central awn from sinus; base of middle or, if only 2 florets, upper floret hairy-tufted, lobed between awn bases, awns 1--3.5 mm, +- equal; uppermost floret (if present) < 1 mm, awn 0. Chromosomes: 2n=20,40. Ecology: Generally open, sandy to rocky slopes, flats, washes, roadsides, disturbed sites, scrub, woodland, pine forest; Elevation: < 1800 m. Bioregional Distribution: SnJV, e SCo, e PR, D; Distribution Outside California: to Montana, Kansas, southern Mexico, Argentina. Flowering Time: All year Note: Other varieties in Arizona, New Mexico, northern Mexico. Jepson eFlora Author: J. Travis Columbus Reference: Columbus 1999 Aliso 18:61--65 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Bouteloua aristidoides var. aristidoides Next taxon: Bouteloua curtipendula
Botanical illustration including Bouteloua barbata var. barbata
Citation for this treatment: J. Travis Columbus 2012, Bouteloua barbata var. barbata, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=71517, accessed on December 02, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 02, 2024.
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Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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