Common Name: SUNFLOWER FAMILY Habit: Annual to tree. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, simple to 2+ × compound. Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, resembling a flower, of several types (see below), 1--many in generally +- cyme-like cluster; each head generally with +- calyx-like involucre of 1--many series of phyllaries (involucre bracts); receptacle of head flat to conic or columnar, paleate (bearing paleae = receptacle bracts) or epaleate; flowers 1--many per head. Flower: bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, +- small, of several types (see below); calyx 0 or modified into +- persistent pappus of bristles, scales, and/or awns; corolla radial or bilateral (0), lobes generally (0)3--5; stamens 4--5, filaments generally free, generally fused to corolla at tube/throat junction, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, anther base generally rounded or cordate (deeply sagittate or with tail-like appendages), tip (= flattened appendage) generally projecting beyond pollen sac; pistil 1, 2-carpeled, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, placenta basal, style 1, tip generally +- 2-branched (except in some staminate disk flowers), branch tips truncate or generally bearing +- brush-like appendages; stigmas 2, generally on adaxial faces of style branches. Fruit: achene (also called a cypsela) (drupe in Chrysanthemoides), cylindric to ovoid, sometimes compressed, generally deciduous with pappus attached. Genera In Family: +- 1500 genera, 23000 species: worldwide, many habitats. Note: Flower and head types differ in form and sexual condition. A disk flower has a generally radial corolla, with a cylindric tube, expanded throat, and generally 5 lobes. Disk flowers are generally bisexual and fertile but occasionally staminate with reduced ovaries. Discoid heads comprise only disk flowers. A radiant head is a variant of a discoid head, with peripheral disk flower corollas expanded, often bilateral. A ray flower corolla is bilateral, generally with a slender tube and flattened petal-like ray (single lip composed of generally 3 lobes). Ray flowers are generally pistillate or sterile (occasionally lacking styles). Radiate heads have peripheral ray flowers and central disk flowers. Disciform heads superficially resemble discoid heads, with pistillate or sterile flowers that lack rays, together with or separate from disk flowers. A ligulate flower is bisexual, with a bilateral, generally ephemeral corolla and 5-lobed ligule. Liguliflorous heads comprise only ligulate flowers. See glossary p. 31 for illustrations of family characteristics. Echinops sphaerocephalus L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Gaillardia pulchella Foug., Hymenothrix loomisii S.F. Blake, Tagetes erecta L., Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze are waifs. Melampodium perfoliatum Kunth, historic urban waif. Ageratum conyzoides L., Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass., Santolina chamaecyparisus L., orth. var. are rare or uncommon escapes from cultivation. Dyssodia papposa, Ismelia carinata (Schousb.) Sch. Bip. [Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb.], Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill. are historical or extirpated waifs in California. Inula helenium L. not documented in California. Taxa of Aster in TJM (1993) treated here in Almutaster, Doellingeria, Eurybia, Ionactis, Oreostemma, Sericocarpus, Symphyotrichum; Chamomilla in Matricaria; Bahia in Hymenothrix; Cnicus in Centaurea; Conyza in Erigeron and Laennecia; Dugaldia in Hymenoxys; Erechtites in Senecio; Hymenoclea in Ambrosia; Lembertia in Monolopia; Osteospermum ecklonis in Dimorphotheca; Picris echioides in Helminthotheca; Prionopsis in Grindelia; Raillardiopsis in Anisocarpus and Carlquistia; Schkuhria multiflora in Picradeniopsis; Trimorpha in Erigeron; Venidium in Arctotis; Viguiera in Aldama and Bahiopsis; Whitneya in Arnica. Amauriopsis in TJM2 (2012) treated here in Hymenothrix; Arida in Leucosyris; Bahia in Picradeniopsis; Eucephalus in Doellingeria. Unabridged Note: Largest family of vascular plants in California and of eudicots globally. eFlora Treatment Author: David J. Keil, except as noted Scientific Editor: David J. Keil, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: PINCUSHION, DUSTY-MAIDENS Habit: Annual to subshrub (2)5--70(200) cm; proximal stem and leaves glabrous to variously hairy. Stem: 1, erect, or 2--25+, prostrate to ascending, simple or branched. Leaf: simple, alternate, often crowded proximally, petioled, generally +- elliptic to ovate or obovate, generally deeply 1--4-pinnately lobed, occasionally entire (then linear), lobes generally not or scarcely overlapping; distal generally +- reduced. Inflorescence: heads discoid or radiant, 1--25+ per stem, generally in terminal cyme-like cluster; peduncle generally erect, hairs generally as on phyllary bases; involucre generally <= 15[25] mm diam, cylindric to obconic or hemispheric; phyllaries in 1--2 +- = series, generally linear to lanceolate, persistent, tips generally +- flat, generally +- green; receptacle flat to rounded, glabrous, generally epaleate. Flower: 8--70+; corolla white, +- pink, or yellow, generally open during day; anthers generally exserted, tips lanceolate to ovate; style tips linear, minutely bristly. Fruit: +- club-shaped, generally not compressed, +- hairy; pappus 0, crown-like, or generally of (1)4--20 persistent, +- fringed scales in 1--4 series, scales often fewer and/or shorter on outer fruit. Etymology: (Greek: gaping ray, for enlarged outer corollas of type sp.) Note: Species of sect. Chaenactis hybridize, especially in SCoRI/s SnJV, where identification can be difficult. eFlora Treatment Author: James D. Morefield Reference: Morefield 2006 FNANM 21:400--414
Common Name: YELLOW PINCUSHION Habit: Annual; proximal hairs cobwebby to woolly, +- gray to white, sometimes 0 by flowering time. Stem: branches 0 or proximal, often also distal. Leaf: basal (often withering) and generally cauline, 1--10 cm; largest blades generally +- elliptic, flat or not, 1--2-pinnately lobed (sometimes linear, cylindric, entire), fleshy or not, nonglandular; 1° lobes 1--7 pairs, tips various. Inflorescence: heads radiant, 1--20+ per stem; involucre obconic or widely cylindric to +- hemispheric; longest phyllaries 4.5--10 mm, outer variously hairy to glabrous in fruit, tip erect, stiff, +- obtuse. Flower: corolla bright to dark yellow, inner 4--8 mm, outer bilateral, spreading, > inner. Fruit: 3--9 mm; inner fruit pappus generally of 4 scales in 1 series, or (7)8 scales in 2 unequal series, outer << inner, longest (1)2--8 mm. Chromosomes: 2n=12. Note: Highly variable; some forms differ from Chaenactis stevioides [Chaenactis glabriuscula var. glabriuscula] or Chaenactis fremontii [Chaenactis glabriuscula var. megacephala] only by yellow flowers and 2n=12.
Chaenactis glabriuscula DC. var. lanosa (DC.) H.M. Hall
NATIVE Habit: Plant 8--15(35) cm; proximal hairs tomentose to woolly, +- white. Stem: generally 1--12, erect to decumbent; branches 0 or proximal. Leaf: +- basal, persistent, 2--10 cm; largest blades cylindric, entire, or +- flat, 1-pinnately lobed, scarcely fleshy; lobes 1--2(5) pairs, tips flat to cylindric. Inflorescence: heads scapose, 1(3) per stem; peduncle 8--20(30) cm; involucre obconic to +- hemispheric; longest phyllaries 6--8 mm, 1--2 mm wide, outer tomentose to woolly in fruit. Flower: inner corollas 5--6.5 mm. Fruit: 4--6 mm; pappus of 4 scales in 1 series, longest generally 4--6 mm, 0.8--0.9(1) × corolla. Chromosomes: 2n=12. Ecology: Open loose sand, gravel, often coastal dunes; Elevation: 10--700(2100) m. Bioregional Distribution: Typical forms generally CW (exc SnFrB); intermediates generally n SW (exc s ChI), nw edge DSon. Flowering Time: Mar--Jul Note: Forms called Chaenactis glabriuscula var. denudata (Nutt.) Munz intermediate toward Chaenactis glabriuscula var. glabriuscula, Chaenactis glabriuscula var. megacephala. Jepson eFlora Author: James D. Morefield Reference: Morefield 2006 FNANM 21:400--414 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Chaenactis glabriuscula var. heterocarpha Next taxon: Chaenactis glabriuscula var. megacephala
Citation for this treatment: James D. Morefield 2012, Chaenactis glabriuscula var. lanosa, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=6957, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Chaenactis glabriuscula var. lanosa:
Typical forms generally CW (exc SnFrB) intermediates generally n SW (exc s ChI), nw edge DSon.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).