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Viola purpurea subsp. mohavensis


Higher Taxonomy
Family: ViolaceaeView Description 
Common Name: VIOLET FAMILY
Habit: Annual, perennial herb, [small shrub, tree, vine], from caudices, taproots, rhizomes, or stolons; hairs 0 or simple. Stem: 0 or prostrate to erect. Leaf: basal, cauline, or both, alternate, [opposite], simple to compound, petioled; stipules generally small; blade linear to round, entire to toothed or lobed. Inflorescence: flowers 1 [raceme], axillary or scapose; peduncle bractlets 2, generally alternate. Flower: bisexual, bilateral [radial]; sepals 5, free, basal lobes present [0], generally not prominent; petals 5, free, lowest often largest, base +- elongated into a spur; stamens 5, alternate petals, filaments short, wide, with large in-pointing hairs, lowest 2 anthers with basal nectaries extending into petal spur; ovary superior, chamber 1, placentas parietal, 3, ovules [1] generally many, style 1, often enlarged distally, stigma often oblique or hooked, hairy or not. Fruit: capsule [berry], 3-valved, loculicidal, explosively dehiscent or not. Seed: generally with outgrowth, attractive to ants.
Genera In Family: 23 genera, 830 species: worldwide, generally temperate, tropics (especially higher elevations). Note: Lengths of lowest petal including spur.
eFlora Treatment Author: R. John Little
Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Genus: ViolaView DescriptionDichotomous Key

Common Name: VIOLET
Leaf: generally deciduous. Flower: sepals +- equal, entire; petals unequal, lowest generally largest, with spur generally < 3 [20] mm, lateral 2 equal, generally spreading, upper 2 equal, erect or reflexed, overlapped or not, lateral 2 generally, others sometimes with beard of variously shaped hairs basally; cleistogamous flowers generally present, petals 0. Fruit: ovoid to oblong, hairy or not. Seed: 8--75.
Etymology: (Latin: classical name) Note: Important orns including Viola odorata, Viola tricolor L. (Johnny-jump-up, wild pansy), Viola ×wittrockiana Gams (garden pansy).
Unabridged Reference: Baker, M.S. 1949a. Studies in western violets. IV. Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 141--147; Baker, M.S. 1949b. Studies in western violets. VI; Madroño 10: 110--128; Baker, M.S. 1957. Brittonia 9: 217--230; Ballard, H.E. 1992. Systematics of Viola Section Viola in North Am north of Mexico. M.S. thesis, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan; Ballard, H.E. 1994. Violets of Michigan. Michigan Botanist 33: 131--199; Davidse, G. 1976. A study of some Intermountain violets (Viola Sect. Chamaemelanium). Madroño 23: 274--283; Fabijan et al. 1987. The taxonomy of the Viola nuttallii complex. Can. J. Bot. 65: 2562--2580; Gil-ad, N.L. 1995. Systematics and evolution of Viola L. subsection Boreali-Americanae (W. Becker) Brizicky. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Gil-ad, N.L. 1997. Systematics of Viola subsection Boreali-Americanae. Boissiera 53: 1--130; Gil-ad, N.L. 1998. The micromorphologies of seed coats and petal trichomes of the taxa of Viola subsect. Boreali-Americanae (Violaceae) and their utility in discerning orthospecies from hybrids. Brittonia 50: 91--121; Hitchcock, C.L. 1961. Vasc. Pl. Pacific NorthW. Vol. 3; McKinney, L.E. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the acaulescent blue violets (Viola) of North Am. Sida Botanical Miscellany, 7: 1--59; McKinney, L.E. and N. Russell. 2002. Violaceae of the Southeastern United States. Castanea 4: 369--379; Russell, N.H. 1965. Violets (Viola) of the central and eastern United States: an introductory survey. Sida 1: 1--113
Species: Viola purpureaView Description 


Habit: Perennial herb. Stem: prostrate to erect, generally several, clustered on 1--several subterranean caudices from woody rhizome. Leaf: simple, base tapered or truncate to cordate, often oblique; basal 1--6 per caudex, stipule oblong, fused to, forming 2 membranous wings on petiole, entire or few-toothed, the tip of each wing free, deltate or lanceolate, generally fringed, blade 0.8--5.3 cm, 0.4--4.1 cm wide, lanceolate to round; cauline petiole 0.3--12.3 cm, blade 0.3--4.8 cm, 0.3--5 cm wide, ovate, oblong, elliptic, triangular, diamond-shaped or lanceolate, crenate, serrate or dentate with 3--4(5) prominent pointed or rounded lobes per side, shallowly dentate, sharp angled, or entire, occasionally wavy. Inflorescence: axillary; peduncle 1--17 cm. Flower: sepals lanceolate, ciliate or not; petals deep lemon-yellow, upper 2, sometimes lateral 2 red- to purple-brown abaxially, lower 3 veined dark brown, lateral 2 bearded with club-shaped hairs, lowest petal 6--16 mm. Fruit: 4--12 mm, ovoid to +- spheric, puberulent. Seed: 2.1--3.1 mm, light to dark brown or gray, mottled brown. Chromosomes: 2n=12,24.
Note: Subspecies variable, intergrade, need study; no additional subspecies.
Unabridged Note: Subspecies variable, intergrade, need study; no additional subspecies; plants in shade often produce larger leaves, longer stems.
Viola purpurea Kellogg subsp. mohavensis (M.S. Baker & J.C. Clausen) J.C. Clausen
NATIVE
Habit: Plant 5--24 cm, +- glabrous or generally puberulent. Stem: generally not buried, spreading to erect, generally elongated by end of season. Leaf: basal petiole 4.5--14.5 cm, blade 1--4 cm, 1--3.5 cm wide, ovate, deltate, or round, dentate-serrate with 4--5(6) prominent pointed or rounded lobes per side, gray-green to purple-tinted abaxially, base +- tapered or truncate, tip obtuse; cauline petiole 0.8--11 cm, blade 1.5--3.7 cm, 0.5--2.5 cm wide, lanceolate to ovate or elliptic with 3--4(5) prominent pointed or rounded lobes per side, +- like basal, base tapered, tip acute. Inflorescence: peduncle 1.7--14 cm. Flower: lowest petal 10--14 mm. Fruit: 5--7 mm. Chromosomes: 2n=12.
Ecology: Desert scrub, sagebrush, dry areas in yellow-pine forest; Elevation: 900--2600 m. Bioregional Distribution: TR, PR, SNE, DMoj; Distribution Outside California: Nevada, southwestern Arizona. Flowering Time: Mar--Jul Note: Variable, needs study; cauline leaf margins in many populations +- like basal.
Synonyms: Viola aurea Kellogg subsp. mohavensis M.S. Baker & J.C. Clausen
Jepson eFlora Author: R. John Little
Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)

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Botanical illustration including Viola purpurea subsp. mohavensisbotanical illustration including Viola purpurea subsp. mohavensis


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Citation for this treatment: R. John Little 2012, Viola purpurea subsp. mohavensis, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=53408, accessed on December 03, 2024.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on December 03, 2024.

No expert verified images found for Viola purpurea subsp. mohavensis.



Geographic subdivisions for Viola purpurea subsp. mohavensis:
TR, PR, SNE, DMoj
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map of distribution 1

(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurrence).






 

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